tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-44279237787278034902024-03-12T18:59:49.883-07:00Ali MustofaAli Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.comBlogger29125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-26645271935229309212010-10-26T10:41:00.000-07:002010-10-26T10:41:36.846-07:00THE CONVERSATION OF RECOVERY<div class="deleteBody"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TMcSxfum2xI/AAAAAAAAACI/VvQAHOjk2cs/s1600/inspiration.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="268" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TMcSxfum2xI/AAAAAAAAACI/VvQAHOjk2cs/s320/inspiration.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><h2 class="postTitle" style="color: #666666;">THE CONVERSATION OF RECOVERY</h2><div class="postBody" style="color: #777777;">[Image]Transformational Counseling is all about assisting another human being to live a life that they love and to live it powerfully. Transformational Counseling is about creating a space for others to learn how to transform their lives, to live a life differently from how it was in the past, to truly create what they desire. Transformational Counseling is about assisting others in their getting and utilizing a powerful technology that will enable them to make a true difference in their life and in the lives of others. Transformational Counseling is about assisting another to become present to how they have stopped themselves in their life and in the process transform their way of being in the world. While comprised of a variety of distinctions that are important for understanding the process of transformation, the utilization of Transformational Counseling has five interrelated components that are crucial to its successful use with others and even with oneself. <br />
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While this article will outline the basic principles and components of Transformational Counseling for assisting others, it will also explore its use with those who are experiencing drug and alcohol dependency problems. Transformational Counseling makes available a very powerful technology for anyone who would like to create new possibilities for themselves including those who are in and struggling with recovery. The primary reason for such application rests with the fact that we are all human beings, regardless of whether or not we are experiencing addiction oriented issues. Given our sense of relatedness as human beings, our fundamental process for how we go about creating our world and what occurs there for us is the same. Those who are in the process of entering the recovery process have merely chosen to use alcohol or drugs or both in the past to manage the pain and negative emotions generated from their self-limiting belief and in the process to take themselves out of the Conversation of life. The use of alcohol and drug is merely a way to numb the intense pain generated by being their ego, who they think they are, their self-limiting belief. <br />
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Transformational Counseling fully acknowledges the power of the human mind, of thought itself. The thoughts that we have are very important, if not the most important component of what it is to be a human being in that our thoughts are truly creative in nature. We are thinking beings that create initially from our thoughts. Everything that we do or take on in life first began as a thought or idea. It is very familiar for us to believe that the external world is that which is reality and that our thoughts are merely the effect or product of such a world. From such a belief we tend to give little or no real credence to our thoughts and thinking patterns as being the fundamental cause in the matter. As a result we commonly believe that in order for us to be truly happy we must manipulate or change something about the external world, other people, circumstances and situations. However, within the conversation of Transformational Counseling it is our thoughts that shape or determine our experiences, our feelings and behavior and our very sense of reality. Furthermore, it is the thought that we have or create about ourselves that forms the background of our life, the context from which we experience life itself, how the worlds occurs for us. <br />
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Transformational Counseling also acknowledges that we are totally responsible for creating our thoughts and most importantly for that which we have about ourselves. Our thoughts are not the result of things happening to us, either from circumstance, situations or the behavior of others but rather it is the interpretation or meaning that we give to the events that happen that makes them appear to us as they do. Events do happen including those involving others but fundamental to understanding our natural, creative process is that it is about what we do with the events, what meaning we give or make them out to be about that determines our experience. We are meaning making machines in a sense, constantly wrapping meaning around everything in life, people, places and things and most importantly about ourselves. The meaning that we give or create with respect to an event will determine the experience that we have as a human being and with it how we feel, the emotions that we have, and also the behavior that will eventually result. Every emotion that we experience and behavior that we cause is the result of thoughts that we create. As mentioned above, the most important thought that we create is that which is about us, the definition that we give ourselves and it is that which determines or defines our self-image, who we think we are in the world. <br />
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The recognition that their own thinking may be that which is generating their negative experiences and dependency upon alcohol or drugs or both does not exist for individuals in recovery especially while they are actively using substances. The difficulties that they are having are believed by them to have been caused by something external, their circumstance, life situations or even other people in their life. As they continue to stay focused on that which is external in their attempt to cope with life or even to heal through recovery they are actually continuing to create the same type of experiences and life that originally brought them into recovery. Associated with this way of being is that the individual will tend to assume little if any responsibility for himself. What tends to get created is either blame or even guilt for what the individual is experiencing. Without the recognition or acknowledgement of the true source of their experience and substance use the individual will continue to create the same type of experiences that they are having. Unable to access their natural ability and power to transform their life will leave them having and being more of their past, the probable almost certain future. Unfortunately, such a missing is not only present with the one suffering from dependency issues but also for the majority of the counselors attempting to assist those in recovery. Most of the counselors working with those in recovery do not truly get the creative power of our thoughts or that we are completely responsible for creating them. <br />
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The first distinction necessary for one to begin to transform their life has to do with the existence of the self-limiting belief. Becoming present to the self-limiting belief is a process of getting what has truly stopped a person in his life, has stopped him from living a life that he loves and living it powerfully. Once there is the distinction or awareness of the self-limiting belief, of what has been driving a person's bus, possibly for the first time in that individual's life the opportunity or space has been created for them to begin to create themselves anew, to reinvent themselves, to be differently in the world. This creative act takes place with the inventing of possibilities. It is by taking on creating and living into a person's possibilities that the individual begins to create a life much differently than how it once was before a Conversation of transformation. Once possibilities have been created a person next learns how to consistently be or live inside his possibilities by learning the process of enrollment. Once the technology of enrollment is gotten and one begins to consistently apply it in his life, it is by engaging in the development of a Daily Plan and staying in the Conversation with others that the technology of transformation becomes fully realized and lived for the person. This powerful technology is applicable to both the one being assisted and the person doing the assisting and can only be fully realized when both are involved in the Conversation. <br />
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The self-limiting belief is a belief that we have about ourselves, about who we think we are in the world. The self-limiting belief is a belief that has affected if not determined our life in the past, is shaping what we think, say, feel, and do in the present and will generate our future. Within the Conversation of Transformational Counseling, the self-limiting belief is a thought or idea that has its genesis between the ages of three and six. An event took place in the individual's life, an event that the child believes should not have happened as it did and as a child the individual made a judgment or gave the event meaning. Given that for a child everything is about them, it is from this event and the meaning that they invented about it that the child also created an idea about itself, about who they think they are in the world as a result of the event. The child next converts the idea into a belief, a belief that is all about their sense of adequacy, value or worth as person. A sense of something is wrong or not being enough about the self is created. Getting the distinction of the self-limiting belief is crucial to the individual's personal growth and continued development. If the individual does not get the distinction of the self limiting belief, if it stays hidden from them, of who they have been being, their life will remain as it has always been, as they will continue to be the person they think they truly are. Such a distinction can be gotten several ways. One way, for example, is to have a person begin to monitor their spoken word. Becoming present to what they actually say will eventually reveal the self-limiting belief. Another way to get the distinction of our self-limiting belief is to monitor our self-talk. The self-limiting belief actually exists inside our everyday language, in the words that we say especially when reference is made about the self and inside our inner voice. Even though its genesis is from the past, the self-limiting belief exists in our real time play, self Conversation in the present. <br />
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For the individual who is experiencing the pain of alcohol and drug dependency, getting this distinction is crucial to their transformation and also for them to be successful in their recovery. While a Conversation about the existence of the self-limiting belief is very unfamiliar to anyone, there will also be a tendency for the addicted individual to not want to discover it. Common to all human beings, we tend to want to keep our self-limiting belief hidden from ourselves and especially from others. No individual, at least initially, wants to share with another their sense of inadequacy but rather is caught up in looking good or not looking bad to others. We generate a great deal of energy in our attempt to repress its existence, energy that will eventually have a very negative consequence for our way of being or existence in the world. The very process of engaging in a Conversation about the self-limiting belief will eventually recreate the negative emotions associated with the cravings for substances. To become present to the self-limiting belief will necessitate that the individual experience that which is hidden in their fundamental way of being inauthentic in life. Once gotten the individual will also experience the negative emotions that the self-limiting belief generates and it is inside the emotional state that gets created that the addicted individual will have a tendency to want to fix by returning to very familiar ways, to using drugs and alcohol. However, unless the self-limiting belief is gotten life will tend to be as it has been in the past resulting in a probable almost certain future. <br />
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The second component of this process is that of creating possibilities for oneself. Creating possibilities is the process of redefining or reinventing oneself, of actually creating new language and words from which to begin to develop a new and more powerful, self-expressed individual. Once the individual becomes present to who they have been being in the world, to their self-limiting belief and the impact that it has had in his life, both on himself and others, a space is now created or opened up for them to literally say or declare who they will now be for themselves, others and the world. Such a process of redefining oneself is as simple as initially creating new words from which to begin to speak or refer to oneself as being. For example, if an individual's self limiting belief is that he is "not enough," he could begin to redefine or invent himself as the possibilities of "acceptance", "creativity" and "leadership" merely by declaring and intentioning himself to be these possibilities in his spoken word. Creating such new language from which to refer to oneself will become for that person his new self-affirmation. Committing such a self-created affirmation to ones spoken word will create a space from which the individual will have the opportunity to experience life differently, a life of power, freedom and full self-expression. Such a declaration is not merely linguistical but will begin to call forth action. Who we are, who we say we are, will eventually determine what we do and have in life. <br />
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The listening for the Conversation of possibilities will be even more unfamiliar than the one about the self-limiting belief. Even though possibilities will be caused for the individual and a sense of hope and inspiration created, there will be a tendency at some point for the person to not belief that their life can be truly transformed merely by creating possibilities. Even when the person gets the existence of his self-limiting belief, how he has been being that in his life and the impact upon himself and others as a result, a sense of doubt will arise that mere words or language will truly assist them in transforming their life let alone cause them to be successful with respect to their recovery. As with a newborn child, the existence of possibilities once invented or created will be quite fragile. There will be in the beginning of this Conversation a tendency to return to being ones self-limiting belief if for no other reason than it is familiar to the person. The self-limiting belief is about life in their comfort zone, from the ego, in what is reasonable and familiar to them. Even though the individual will become enrolled into his possibilities it is in the person's initial not getting of its application in life that will leave it vulnerable. The individual will return to his community and with this reentry a breakdown will happen. The success of this process will rest upon the individual continuing to stay in the Conversation about his possibilities and also upon the one assisting to continue to generate the space necessary for this creative process to be lived fully. < <br />
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The third component of Transformational Counseling is that of enrollment. Enrollment is the process of continuing to stay inside or live into ones possibilities and out of ones self-limiting belief. The process or technology of enrollment will be vital when ones starts to again experience a loss of power, freedom or self expression which is equitable to the negative human emotions of anger, depression, etc. When we have such an experience our past has again reappeared for us. Such reappearance is merely our self-limiting belief once again determining who we are in the world. Once again our self-limiting belief is driving our bus. The process of enrollment allows us to get the inauthenticity that we have created by again being our self-limiting belief. Enrollment allows us to get present to what we are pretending about the experience and what we are hiding. The pretense is always about another person, place or thing and with it there is the experience of some sort of sense of threat and blame. The story from pretense has something to do with the other person, situation or circumstance causing us to feel a certain way. Enrollment technology allows us to get that we created the pretense, the story, and furthermore what the experience is truly all about. Becoming present to what is hidden from us in the experience allows us to again make the distinction of our self-limiting belief and that which is truly creating the experience. It is our self-limiting belief that actually creates the breakdown due to the individual's sense of inadequacy with respect to the situation, circumstance or interactions with another. Once we become present to that which is creating the inauthenticity we are able to give it up through enrollment and again reinvent ourselves through the creation or even regeneration of our possibilities. Once a person does enrollment with himself the inauthenticity he created disappears and with it the individual's power, freedom and full self-expression is once again restored. <br />
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The creation of possibilities will begin a process of bringing forth action. The individual who takes on creating possibilities for himself and his life will become very motivated to do and be differently in life. With the creation of possibilities the person will experience a renewed sense of power, freedom and self-expression. However, it is in this breakthrough of creating possibilities that the person will eventually experience breakdowns in the various domains of his life especially when he begins to live life on life's terms. When the individual returns to his community, to life as it was before the recovery process started, there will be a tendency to experience breakdowns. When one returns to his community there will exist a discrepancy of how he was being before his transformation began and how he is being now from possibilities. When one returns to his community there will also be a tendency to return to familiar ways of being and dealing with the circumstances and situations of life and even other people. It is within his return that the technology of enrollment will be crucial to his continued transformation and recovery. The use of enrollment will allow the person to get how he is actually creating the breakdown himself, to get how he is creating a story about the situation, circumstance or others and most importantly the source of this creation, his self-limiting belief. The self-limiting belief generates the context from which the world occurs for us. Knowing that he is creating this experience from the background of his self-limiting belief will give him the power to choose, the power to return to being his possibilities thereby allowing him to experience the circumstance, situation or another in a manner that is in alignment with or from his possibilities. <br />
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The Daily Plan is the fourth component in the utilization of the technology of Transformational Counseling. Transformational Counseling is not merely about understanding the power of our thoughts but ultimately about action. We live in a world of action and for us to make a difference in our life as well as in that of another we must ultimately create through action. The Daily Plan allows one the opportunity to begin to create their life anew by assisting them in monitoring their day-to-day activities and behavior. As our possibilities will call forth action, the Daily Plan allows one the opportunity to begin to create their life differently by planning what they will specifically take on or do to create or bring forth their chosen possibilities in their lives. The Daily Plan is about making a commitment to oneself to fulfill on their intentions, to fulfill on being their possibilities. One of the fundamental elements of this structure is how will an individual measurably bring forth his possibilities into his life, how will he go about practically creating them for myself and in the world. The Daily Plan also allows one the opportunity to stay present to his self-limiting belief as it arises in the act of fulfilling on his Daily Plan. Having a breakthrough with the creation of possibilities and especially with their implementation in life will eventually create a breakdown too. With the use of a Daily Plan the person will have the opportunity to become present to what is stopping him and as a result get back into generating his possibilities through enrollment and as a result continue to create from the present. <br />
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While the use of the Daily Plan will support and assist the individual in his transformation and recovery, there will also be a tendency to not complete it on a consistent basis. The use of the Daily Plan is antithetical to the existence of the self-limiting belief, with the way of being the individual is very familiar with. In addition to assisting the individual in creating the life that he wants and to be able to distinguish his self-limiting belief as it reappears, the Daily Plan is also about ones commitment and integrity both to himself and others. When the individual develops or creates his Daily Plan he will be making a commitment to himself and others, to what he says that he wants to create in his life. Once the individual's plans for his transformation and recovery are made real by committing them to written form in his Daily Plan, it will become an issue of integrity, of doing what he said he would do, of doing complete work with whatever he does and of doing what he does as it was meant to be done. It is only be staying in integrity and fulfilling on his commitments to himself and others that he will be able to live into his possibilities, to transform his life. The individual will either be his self-limiting belief or his possibilities and it is through his integrity that he will have the opportunity to become present to his commitment or intension in life. The Daily Plan is a powerful technique that will effectively assist one in his transformation and recovery. <br />
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The Conversation is the fifth component of Transformational Counseling and is about enrollment and the self-limiting belief reappearing in ones commitments to his Daily Plan. While identified as the fifth component of this process, the Conversation actually begins when one is introduced to the work of transformation. It will always be a question of whether or not one will stay in the Conversation to continue to do the work of transformation after enrollment has taken place. However, the Conversation is about communicating with another through the enrollment process. It is in the Conversation that we have the opportunity to begin and continue utilizing the technology of Transformational Counseling. There will always be breakdowns in life even as we utilize the work of transformation. When we once again experience a loss of power, freedom and self-expression our past has reappeared again in our life and with it a breakdown. Staying in the Conversation with another person within transformation will give us the opportunity to become present to the inauthentic way of being that we have recreated and also to create the space for us to experience another breakthrough. It is only in a Conversation with another where we get the stories that we invent in the pretense about others, situations and circumstances that we will have an opportunity to also get present to that which is hidden from our view, the context, that which is truly creating our breakdown experience. That which is hidden is always from our past and has to do in some manner with our self-limiting belief. Furthermore, it is only from this distinction that a clearing will be caused to live in possibility again. The Conversation is about enrollment, enrolling ourselves and assisting others through enrollment. It is only in communication with another that we can continue to be and live into our possibilities and with it stay in the work of transformation with another and ourselves. <br />
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As alluded to above, there will be a tendency to want to leave the Conversation especially when one has first gotten or been introduced to the technology of transformation and Transformational Counseling. The initial experience of power, freedom and full self expression is very enrolling and with this feeling of being touched, moved and inspired by our possibilities one may create a belief that no future work is really necessary. However, the technology of transformation is not something that you simply get but something that is constantly gotten. When not in communication with others inside the Conversation of transformation there will be a tendency to stop doing the work and go back to what is familiar and especially to the familiar ways that we attempted to resolve breakdowns. It is the familiar that is within the world of the self-limiting belief. As mentioned above, the self-limiting does not go away, it is there throughout our life. While the self-limiting belief will reappear in our life through a breakdown, staying in the Conversation with another will assist us in distinguishing the inauthenticity that we create and once again empower us to get back into or create new possibilities for ourselves. Continuing the work of transformation by staying in the Conversation with others is not familiar and in many respects unreasonable. However, staying in the Conversation is crucial to our continued transformation as a human being living in the world and to the recovery process too. <br />
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I am currently the Director of Outpatient Services at the Holistic Addiction Treatment Program in North Miami Beach, Florida. In working with people entering recovery in both the inpatient and outpatient programs it has been my experience that one of the first behaviors that will appear for the individual entering a relapse mode is when he takes himself out of the Conversation. This process of taking oneself out of the Conversation applies to whether one is attending transformational oriented group sessions or attending daily AA or NA meetings for those the 12 Step Program in recovery. When the person stops seeking and having human contact with people assisting him in his recovery, when one drops out of communication with other human beings who are helping him to transform his life, there will be a tendency to go back to that which is familiar for dealing with breakdowns. For those in recovery one of the familiar ways of attempting to fix a breakdown is to self-medicate with either alcohol or drugs or both. When the individual cuts himself off from the very process of his transformation and recovery, cuts himself off from communicating with another human being about what he is experiencing, the relapse process has begun for that person. The individual is once again unable to get how he is creating the breakdown and how to transform it. <br />
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Staying present to the existence of his self-limiting belief, generating his possibilities through his Daily Plan and processing breakdowns with others through enrollment does create the space for the individual to transform his life, be enrolled into the 12 Step Program and be successful in recovery. Much of why this technology is not utilized in the recovery field or even in the mental health arena is that most counselors are not even aware of its existence. For example, most counselors are not aware or present to the concept of a self-limiting belief let alone how it will, if not distinguished, continue to create a barrier or constraint for another. Most counselors are not even aware of the actual power of our thinking, of how we actually create our experiences, thoughts, feeling and behavior. Unfortunately, this lack of awareness as to how we create the occurring world leaves most counselors being able to only focus on that which is external to the client, that is, situations, circumstances and other people and their behavior. When we focus on that which is external to the client and engage in a discussion about situation, circumstance or another we run the risk of not generating the space for the client to get how he actually created or is continuing to create his experiences. When we are unable to assist a client in discovering how he actually created his situation, circumstance or relationship to another through his thinking and thoughts we run the risk of having the client assume little if any responsibility for his life, reinforcing or supporting a state of total disempowerment and leaving the probable almost certain future for the client. <br />
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Harry Henshaw, Ed.D., LMHC<br />
http://www.enhancedhealing.com</div></div>Ali Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-90978145027764267362010-10-17T21:34:00.001-07:002010-10-17T21:34:20.099-07:00Komputer yang bisa memperbaiki diri sendiri.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TLvORXOo-EI/AAAAAAAAACA/RDiBwvvQW1A/s1600/komputer_super.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TLvORXOo-EI/AAAAAAAAACA/RDiBwvvQW1A/s320/komputer_super.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Komputer yang bisa memperbaiki diri sendiri</b>. Technical University of Denmark (DTU) berhasil mengembangkan CPU komputer yang dapat memperbaiki dirinya sendiri. CPU ini telah diuji NASA.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Kemampuan manusia untuk regenerasi merupakan inspirasi dari tim riset untuk menciptakan komputer ini. Komputer ini bisa memperbaiki dirinya sendiri tanpa intervensi manusia, kata profesor DTU dan pemimpin tim itu, Jan Madsen.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Teknologi ini diberi nama electronic DNA atau eDNA. Kami menciptakan komputer yang tidak memerlukan pusat CPU. Gantinya, terdapat jaringan sel CPU yang lebih kecil. Sel-sel ini menerima frekuensi eDNA memerintahkan apa yang harus dilakukan komputer. Jika salah satu sel mati, sel lain akan mengambil alih, kata Madsen.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>Artinya, komputer ini tidak bisa memperbaiki kerusakan fisik. Namun kerusakan itu akan digantikan dengan sumber daya yang ada untuk mentransfer tugas yang tertunda pada bagian lain. Madsen mengatakan sistem ini lebih stabil daripada komputer tradisional, karena sistem keseluruhan komputer ini tidak bergantung pada satu CPU.Ali Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-33337784569683469602010-10-17T21:32:00.001-07:002010-10-17T21:32:41.552-07:00Kemunculan UFO di China adalah pertanda akan terjadinya peristiwa besar<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TLvN4_Yfx6I/AAAAAAAAAB8/pPNrlnCiSGo/s1600/ufo_china.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="262" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TLvN4_Yfx6I/AAAAAAAAAB8/pPNrlnCiSGo/s320/ufo_china.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kemunculan UFO di China adalah pertanda akan terjadinya peristiwa besar</b>. Seorang astronom planet di Purple Mountain Observatory di China, memprediksi penampakan UFO di China akan terus meningkat dan pertanda akan terjadi peristiwa besar.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Wang Sichao, astronom planet di Purple Mountain Observatory dari Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan China mengatakan semua penampakan UFO di sekitar China tahun ini, yang mengakibatkan penutupan bandar udara, dan menyebabkan kekacauan menunjukkan akan terjadi "peristiwa besar".</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">"Pertama, saya ingin mengatakan sesuatu tentang konsep peristiwa besar tentang UFO. Ini tidak berarti UFO dalam jumlah besar, tetapi mengacu pada peristiwa yang kredibel dan didukung oleh fakta-fakta pengamatan. Tapi fakta ini belum dapat dijelaskan oleh pengetahuan ilmiah yang sudah ada atau fenomena alam," katanya kepada mingguan berbahasa Inggris Beijing Review.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Pernyataan itu adalah dukungan yang kuat pada UFO, dari seorang ilmuwan. Bulan September lalu ia menyebut penampakan UFO di Hong Kong sebagai "bayangan hantu� yang merupakan pantulan lampu outdoor yang tertangkap kamera.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Wang telah menyelidiki penampakan UFO di China selama hampir 40 tahun dan menggambarkan berbagai jenis UFO berbentuk titik cahaya, spiral, kipas angin, bintang terang, cahaya bentuk bola dan berbentuk V.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Astronom punya teori mengapa selama beberapa dekade tidak banyak kemajuan informasi berhubungan dengan UFO, jika beberapa UFO dianggap sebagai jenis kendaraan yang luar biasa.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">"Alasannya adalah bahwa UFO hanya muncul secara acak, dan sering menghilang dengan cepat dalam beberapa menit. Pada saat teleskop profesional besar sedang dijalankan objek itu telah menghilang. Jadi, kita hanya dapat mengandalkan informasi dari penampakan sesekali atau penemuan oleh pengamat," katanya.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">"Para astronom seluruh dunia, kini mengintensifkan upaya mereka untuk mengeksplorasi kehidupan di luar bumi," katanya.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>"Selama kita memiliki pikiran terbuka tentang eksplorasi ilmiah yang belum diketahui dan menggunakan beberapa metode, kontak antara manusia dan kehidupan di luar Bumi mudah-mudahan terjadi abad ini," tambahnya.<i><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></i>Ali Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-84112091824701927032010-10-17T21:30:00.001-07:002010-10-17T21:30:49.113-07:00Hotel di luar angkasa buatan Rusia<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TLvNbgsvdiI/AAAAAAAAAB4/zpvfdKVsd9o/s1600/Hotel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TLvNbgsvdiI/AAAAAAAAAB4/zpvfdKVsd9o/s320/Hotel.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Hotel di luar angkasa buatan Rusia</b>. Perusahaan Rusia meluncurkan rencana ambisius, yakni membangun guest house di ruang angkasa.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Orbital Technologies</b>, perusahaan tersebut mengatakan, guest house ini dapat memberikan kenyamanan akomodasi bagi wisatawan kaya di ruang angkasa pada tahun 2016 mendatang. Seperti dikutip dari BBC, 3 Oktober 2010, perusahaan asal Moscow itu juga akan mempekerjakan koki-koki ternama untuk menyiapkan makanan sebelum meraka dikirim ke ruang angkasa.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Nantinya, para tamu akan diangkut ke hotel dengan menggunakan shuttle Soyoz seperti yang digunakan untuk mengangkut kosmonot ke stasiun luar angkasa internasional (International Space Station/ISS). Namun, Sergei Kostenko, Chief Executive Officer Orbital Technologies mengatakan, guest house yang akan dibangun akan lebih nyaman jika dibandingkan dengan ISS.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">“Kami merencanakan di dalam ruangan nanti tidak akan mengingatkan pengunjung pada ISS,” kata Kostenko. “Hotel itu harus nyaman di dalam dan ini memungkinkan untuk melihat bumi melalui teropong yang besar,” ucapnya.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Hotel ini juga diperuntukkan bagi orang kaya dan orang yang bekerja untuk perusahaan private yang ingin melakukan penelitian di angkasa. Adapun untuk orbitnya, hotel tersebut akan mengikuti orbit yang sama seperti International Space Station (ISS).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Modul yang pertama dikirimkan, kata Kostenko, akan memiliki 4 kabin yang di desain hingga dapat menampung 7 penumpang dalam ruangan berukuran 20 meter kubik. Namun Kostenko tidak mengungkapkan biaya yang harus dikeluarkan untuk menginap di hotel (guest house) tersebut.<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">(vivanews)</span></i></div>Ali Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-78947796373174859112010-10-17T21:27:00.000-07:002010-10-17T21:27:39.689-07:00Senjata Laser Anti Pesawat Super Canggih Milik AS<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TLvMsuaUtmI/AAAAAAAAAB0/3nNlOMgUpCQ/s1600/l.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TLvMsuaUtmI/AAAAAAAAAB0/3nNlOMgUpCQ/s1600/l.jpg" /></a></div><span style="font-size: 85%; font-style: italic;"></span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Senjata laser anti pesawat super canggih milik AS</span>. Impian fiksi ilmiah para geek menjadi nyata dengan demontrasi <span style="font-weight: bold;">meriam laser dari Angkatan Laut AS</span> yang mampu menembak benda bergerak.<br />
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Perusahaan teknologi pertahanan <span style="font-weight: bold;">Raytheon Missile System</span> bekerja sama dengan Angkatan Laut AS telah mempertontonkan senjata laser berkekuatan tinggi di <span style="font-weight: bold;">Famborough Air Show, Hampshire</span>, minggu ini. Dalam uji rahasia, laser berteknologi tinggi ini mampu menembak jatuh empat pesawat <span style="font-weight: bold;">Unmanned Aerical Vehicles</span> (<span style="font-weight: bold;">UAVs</span>) yang sedang terbang rendah.<br />
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Senjata laser anti pesawat ini akan digunakan oleh Angkatan Laut di garis pertahanan terakhir. Benda ini dibuat dari dari enam laser industri yang secara bertahap akan terfokus pada sasarannya. Sinar ini diperkirakan berkekuatan 50 kilowatt dan dapat digunakan untuk menembak jatuh pesawat, mortar, roket, dan kapal kecil.<br />
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“Tim Angkatan Laut Raytheon mendemonstrasikan kemampuan sistem ini untuk mendeteksi, melacak, memulai dan mengalahkan target dinamis pada jangkauan taktis yang signifikan di lingkungan kelautan,” ujar Taylor Lawrence, presiden Raytheon Missile Systems. Koleganya yang bernama Mike Booen memperkenalkannya secara ringkas perangkat tersebut di Farnborough Air Show. “Ini jauh lebih nyata dari Star Wars,” katanya.<br />
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Peter Felstead, editor Jane’s Defence Weekly mengatakan pada BBC News bahwa ini baru permulaan dari apa yang bisa pemerintah harapkan saat perang laser. “UAVs tidak dipersenjatai atau dapat terbang dengan cepat. Tapi seperti Anda lihat dari video, laser itu mampu menembak pesawat hingga jatuh,” kata Felstead.<br />
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Hal ini bukanlah pertama kalinya teknologi di film berhasil diaplikasikan pada kehidupan nyata. Komputer yang dapat diatur dengan gerakan, sentuhan ataupun suara seperti perangkat di film Tom Cruise berjudul Minority Report saat ini berhasil diadopsi oleh MicrosofAli Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-4252064325920558442010-10-17T21:21:00.000-07:002010-10-17T21:21:34.567-07:00asteroid aphopis<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TLvLIaCuAMI/AAAAAAAAABw/ypYveLs4WBY/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TLvLIaCuAMI/AAAAAAAAABw/ypYveLs4WBY/s320/1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>VIVAnews -- Kejutan diperoleh dari kapsul Hayabusa -- satelit luar angkasa buatan Jepang yang bertugas membawa sampel asteroid ke Bumi.<br />
Ilmuwan mengaku menemukan partikel kecil yang diduga berkaitan dengan kehidupan ekstraterresterial atau alien di luar Bumi. Partikel itu ditemukan dalam tabung berdiameter 40 cm dan tinggi 20 cm yang dibawa Hayabusa.<br />
Analisa menggunakan mikroskop elektronik menunjukkan, partikel tersebut mengandung karakteristik yang berbeda dari debu atau bubuk alumunium yang dikumpulkan Hayabusa.<br />
Belum diketahui apa dan dari mana asal partikel tersebut. Namun, surat kabar Jepang, Yomiuri dan Kyodo memuat informasi bahwa, partikel tersebut diyakini berasal dari Bumi.<br />
Staf badan antariksa Jepang atau Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) diharapkan menjelaskan detail temuan tak biasa ini. Hingga kini, belum ada penjelasan lebih lanjut.<br />
Para ilmuwan JAXA selama ini telah mengidentifikasi partikel-partikel kecil yang dikumpulkan Hayabusa -- yang diyakini sebagai debu asteroid.<br />
Ilmuwan berharap sampel asteroid itu bisa menguak rahasia mengenai asal-usul tata surya.<br />
Hayabusa yang berarti 'Elang' dalah Bahasa Jepang diluncurkan pada 2003 dan menjadi satelit pertama manusia yang mendarat di atas asteroid dan mengumpulkan partikel-partikelnya.<br />
Sejumlah insiden terjadi. Misalnya, Hayabusa gagal menyalakan proyektil di permukaan asteoid -- agar debu terkumpul dan bisa diambil. Namun, ilmuwan Jepang berharap, partikel debu yang dikumpulkan cukup signifikan untuk diteliti.<br />
Meski menemui kendala teknis -- termasuk kerusakan giroskop dan kebocoran bahan bakar - ahli berharap bahwa Hayabusa telah menjalankan misinya.<br />
Kini, staf JAXA sedang memeriksa sampel di dalam tabung multilayer bekerja sama dengan peneliti badan antariksa Amerika Serikat, NASA.<br />
Juru bicara JAXA sejauh ini menolak berkomentar tentang partikel aneh ini. Hasil akhir penelitian sampel tidak dijamin bisa keluar dalam waktu beberapa bulan.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TLvLFzPiBQI/AAAAAAAAABs/Jfb4Z_QTlEs/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TLvLFzPiBQI/AAAAAAAAABs/Jfb4Z_QTlEs/s1600/2.jpg" /></a></div>Diluncurkan 2003, satelit buatan Badan Antariksa Jepang atau Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) ini mendarat dan mulai menjelajah asteroid 25143 Itokawa pada 2005 selama 30 menit, sebelum memulai perjalanan panjang pulang ke Bumi.<br />
Hayabusa mendarat di pedalaman Adelaide, Australia pada Senin 14 Juni 2010 setelah melakukan perjalanan selama tujuh tahun sejauh 6 miliar kilometer dari Bumi.<br />
Selain soal tata surya, para ilmuwan berharap contoh batu yang dibawa Hayabusa akan menjawab teka-teki, apa yang tidak kita ketahui tentang asteroid.<br />
Termasuk, seberapa besar ancaman batu luar angkasa itu bagi Bumi.<br />
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Salah satunya, Asteroid Aphopis yang diperkirakan sangat dekat dengan Bumi pada 13 April 2036. Meski NASA memprediksikan Aphopis masih dalam jarak aman, 18.300 kilometer di atas permukaan bumi, ukuran asteroid itu dua kali lapangan sepakbola. (Telegraph) (sj)Ali Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-37776401757694183072010-10-16T10:20:00.001-07:002010-10-16T10:20:50.733-07:00Is Psychology a Science?All theories - scientific or not - start with a problem. They aim to solve it by proving that what appears to be "problematic" is not. They re-state the conundrum, or introduce new data, new variables, a new classification, or new organizing principles. They incorporate the problem in a larger body of knowledge, or in a conjecture ("solution"). They explain why we thought we had an issue on our hands - and how it can be avoided, vitiated, or resolved.<br />
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Scientific theories invite constant criticism and revision. They yield new problems. They are proven erroneous and are replaced by new models which offer better explanations and a more profound sense of understanding - often by solving these new problems. From time to time, the successor theories constitute a break with everything known and done till then. These seismic convulsions are known as "paradigm shifts".<br />
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Contrary to widespread opinion - even among scientists - science is not only about "facts". It is not merely about quantifying, measuring, describing, classifying, and organizing "things" (entities). It is not even concerned with finding out the "truth". Science is about providing us with concepts, explanations, and predictions (collectively known as "theories") and thus endowing us with a sense of understanding of our world.<br />
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Scientific theories are allegorical or metaphoric. They revolve around symbols and theoretical constructs, concepts and substantive assumptions, axioms and hypotheses - most of which can never, even in principle, be computed, observed, quantified, measured, or correlated with the world "out there". By appealing to our imagination, scientific theories reveal what David Deutsch calls "the fabric of reality".<br />
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Like any other system of knowledge, science has its fanatics, heretics, and deviants. <br />
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Instrumentalists, for instance, insist that scientific theories should be concerned exclusively with predicting the outcomes of appropriately designed experiments. Their explanatory powers are of no consequence. Positivists ascribe meaning only to statements that deal with observables and observations.<br />
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Instrumentalists and positivists ignore the fact that predictions are derived from models, narratives, and organizing principles. In short: it is the theory's explanatory dimensions that determine which experiments are relevant and which are not. Forecasts - and experiments - that are not embedded in an understanding of the world (in an explanation) do not constitute science. <br />
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Granted, predictions and experiments are crucial to the growth of scientific knowledge and the winnowing out of erroneous or inadequate theories. But they are not the only mechanisms of natural selection. There are other criteria that help us decide whether to adopt and place confidence in a scientific theory or not. Is the theory aesthetic (parsimonious), logical, does it provide a reasonable explanation and, thus, does it further our understanding of the world?<br />
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David Deutsch in "The Fabric of Reality" (p. 11):<br />
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"... (I)t is hard to give a precise definition of 'explanation' or 'understanding'. Roughly speaking, they are about 'why' rather than 'what'; about the inner workings of things; about how things really are, not just how they appear to be; about what must be so, rather than what merely happens to be so; about laws of nature rather than rules of thumb. They are also about coherence, elegance, and simplicity, as opposed to arbitrariness and complexity ..."<br />
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Reductionists and emergentists ignore the existence of a hierarchy of scientific theories and meta-languages. They believe - and it is an article of faith, not of science - that complex phenomena (such as the human mind) can be reduced to simple ones (such as the physics and chemistry of the brain). Furthermore, to them the act of reduction is, in itself, an explanation and a form of pertinent understanding. Human thought, fantasy, imagination, and emotions are nothing but electric currents and spurts of chemicals in the brain, they say.<br />
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Holists, on the other hand, refuse to consider the possibility that some higher-level phenomena can, indeed, be fully reduced to base components and primitive interactions. They ignore the fact that reductionism sometimes does provide explanations and understanding. The properties of water, for instance, do spring forth from its chemical and physical composition and from the interactions between its constituent atoms and subatomic particles.<br />
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Still, there is a general agreement that scientific theories must be abstract (independent of specific time or place), intersubjectively explicit (contain detailed descriptions of the subject matter in unambiguous terms), logically rigorous (make use of logical systems shared and accepted by the practitioners in the field), empirically relevant (correspond to results of empirical research), useful (in describing and/or explaining the world), and provide typologies and predictions.<br />
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A scientific theory should resort to primitive (atomic) terminology and all its complex (derived) terms and concepts should be defined in these indivisible terms. It should offer a map unequivocally and consistently connecting operational definitions to theoretical concepts. <br />
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Operational definitions that connect to the same theoretical concept should not contradict each other (be negatively correlated). They should yield agreement on measurement conducted independently by trained experimenters. But investigation of the theory of its implication can proceed even without quantification.<br />
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Theoretical concepts need not necessarily be measurable or quantifiable or observable. But a scientific theory should afford at least four levels of quantification of its operational and theoretical definitions of concepts: nominal (labeling), ordinal (ranking), interval and ratio.<br />
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As we said, scientific theories are not confined to quantified definitions or to a classificatory apparatus. To qualify as scientific they must contain statements about relationships (mostly causal) between concepts - empirically-supported laws and/or propositions (statements derived from axioms). <br />
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Philosophers like Carl Hempel and Ernest Nagel regard a theory as scientific if it is hypothetico-deductive. To them, scientific theories are sets of inter-related laws. We know that they are inter-related because a minimum number of axioms and hypotheses yield, in an inexorable deductive sequence, everything else known in the field the theory pertains to.<br />
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Explanation is about retrodiction - using the laws to show how things happened. Prediction is using the laws to show how things will happen. Understanding is explanation and prediction combined.<br />
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William Whewell augmented this somewhat simplistic point of view with his principle of "consilience of inductions". Often, he observed, inductive explanations of disparate phenomena are unexpectedly traced to one underlying cause. This is what scientific theorizing is about - finding the common source of the apparently separate.<br />
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This omnipotent view of the scientific endeavor competes with a more modest, semantic school of philosophy of science.<br />
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Many theories - especially ones with breadth, width, and profundity, such as Darwin's theory of evolution - are not deductively integrated and are very difficult to test (falsify) conclusively. Their predictions are either scant or ambiguous. <br />
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Scientific theories, goes the semantic view, are amalgams of models of reality. These are empirically meaningful only inasmuch as they are empirically (directly and therefore semantically) applicable to a limited area. A typical scientific theory is not constructed with explanatory and predictive aims in mind. Quite the opposite: the choice of models incorporated in it dictates its ultimate success in explaining the Universe and predicting the outcomes of experiments.<br />
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Are psychological theories scientific theories by any definition (prescriptive or descriptive)? Hardly.<br />
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First, we must distinguish between psychological theories and the way that some of them are applied (psychotherapy and psychological plots). Psychological plots are the narratives co-authored by the therapist and the patient during psychotherapy. These narratives are the outcomes of applying psychological theories and models to the patient's specific circumstances. <br />
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Psychological plots amount to storytelling - but they are still instances of the psychological theories used. The instances of theoretical concepts in concrete situations form part of every theory. Actually, the only way to test psychological theories - with their dearth of measurable entities and concepts - is by examining such instances (plots).<br />
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Storytelling has been with us since the days of campfire and besieging wild animals. It serves a number of important functions: amelioration of fears, communication of vital information (regarding survival tactics and the characteristics of animals, for instance), the satisfaction of a sense of order (predictability and justice), the development of the ability to hypothesize, predict and introduce new or additional theories and so on.<br />
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We are all endowed with a sense of wonder. The world around us in inexplicable, baffling in its diversity and myriad forms. We experience an urge to organize it, to "explain the wonder away", to order it so that we know what to expect next (predict). These are the essentials of survival. But while we have been successful at imposing our mind on the outside world - we have been much less successful when we tried to explain and comprehend our internal universe and our behavior.<br />
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Psychology is not an exact science, nor can it ever be. This is because its "raw material" (humans and their behavior as individuals and en masse) is not exact. It will never yield natural laws or universal constants (like in physics). Experimentation in the field is constrained by legal and ethical rules. Humans tend to be opinionated, develop resistance, and become self-conscious when observed.<br />
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The relationship between the structure and functioning of our (ephemeral) mind, the structure and modes of operation of our (physical) brain, and the structure and conduct of the outside world have been a matter for heated debate for millennia.<br />
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Broadly speaking, there are two schools of thought:<br />
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One camp identify the substrate (brain) with its product (mind). Some of these scholars postulate the existence of a lattice of preconceived, born, categorical knowledge about the universe - the vessels into which we pour our experience and which mould it. <br />
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Others within this group regard the mind as a black box. While it is possible in principle to know its input and output, it is impossible, again in principle, to understand its internal functioning and management of information. To describe this input-output mechanism, Pavlov coined the word "conditioning", Watson adopted it and invented "behaviorism", Skinner came up with "reinforcement". <br />
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Epiphenomenologists (proponents of theories of emergent phenomena) regard the mind as the by-product of the complexity of the brain's "hardware" and "wiring". But all of them ignore the psychophysical question: what IS the mind and HOW is it linked to the brain?<br />
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The other camp assumes the airs of "scientific" and "positivist" thinking. It speculates that the mind (whether a physical entity, an epiphenomenon, a non-physical principle of organization, or the result of introspection) has a structure and a limited set of functions. It is argued that a "mind owner's manual" could be composed, replete with engineering and maintenance instructions. It proffers a dynamics of the psyche.<br />
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The most prominent of these "psychodynamists" was, of course, Freud. Though his disciples (Adler, Horney, the object-relations lot) diverged wildly from his initial theories, they all shared his belief in the need to "scientify" and objectify psychology. <br />
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Freud, a medical doctor by profession (neurologist) - preceded by another M.D., Josef Breuer - put forth a theory regarding the structure of the mind and its mechanics: (suppressed) energies and (reactive) forces. Flow charts were provided together with a method of analysis, a mathematical physics of the mind<br />
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Many hold all psychodynamic theories to be a mirage. An essential part is missing, they observe: the ability to test the hypotheses, which derive from these "theories". Though very convincing and, surprisingly, possessed of great explanatory powers, being non-verifiable and non-falsifiable as they are - psychodynamic models of the mind cannot be deemed to possess the redeeming features of scientific theories.<br />
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Deciding between the two camps was and is a crucial matter. Consider the clash - however repressed - between psychiatry and psychology. The former regards "mental disorders" as euphemisms - it acknowledges only the reality of brain dysfunctions (such as biochemical or electric imbalances) and of hereditary factors. The latter (psychology) implicitly assumes that something exists (the "mind", the "psyche") which cannot be reduced to hardware or to wiring diagrams. Talk therapy is aimed at that something and supposedly interacts with it.<br />
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But perhaps the distinction is artificial. Perhaps the mind is simply the way we experience our brains. Endowed with the gift (or curse) of introspection, we experience a duality, a split, constantly being both observer and observed. Moreover, talk therapy involves TALKING - which is the transfer of energy from one brain to another through the air. This is a directed, specifically formed energy, intended to trigger certain circuits in the recipient brain. It should come as no surprise if it were to be discovered that talk therapy has clear physiological effects upon the brain of the patient (blood volume, electrical activity, discharge and absorption of hormones, etc.).<br />
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All this would be doubly true if the mind were, indeed, only an emergent phenomenon of the complex brain - two sides of the same coin.<br />
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Psychological theories of the mind are metaphors of the mind. They are fables and myths, narratives, stories, hypotheses, conjunctures. They play (exceedingly) important roles in the psychotherapeutic setting - but not in the laboratory. Their form is artistic, not rigorous, not testable, less structured than theories in the natural sciences. The language used is polyvalent, rich, effusive, ambiguous, evocative, and fuzzy - in short, metaphorical. These theories are suffused with value judgments, preferences, fears, post facto and ad hoc constructions. None of this has methodological, systematic, analytic and predictive merits.<br />
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Still, the theories in psychology are powerful instruments, admirable constructs, and they satisfy important needs to explain and understand ourselves, our interactions with others, and with our environment.<br />
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The attainment of peace of mind is a need, which was neglected by Maslow in his famous hierarchy. People sometimes sacrifice material wealth and welfare, resist temptations, forgo opportunities, and risk their lives - in order to secure it. There is, in other words, a preference of inner equilibrium over homeostasis. It is the fulfillment of this overwhelming need that psychological theories cater to. In this, they are no different to other collective narratives (myths, for instance).<br />
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Still, psychology is desperately trying to maintain contact with reality and to be thought of as a scientific discipline. It employs observation and measurement and organizes the results, often presenting them in the language of mathematics. In some quarters, these practices lends it an air of credibility and rigorousness. Others snidely regard the as an elaborate camouflage and a sham. Psychology, they insist, is a pseudo-science. It has the trappings of science but not its substance.<br />
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Worse still, while historical narratives are rigid and immutable, the application of psychological theories (in the form of psychotherapy) is "tailored" and "customized" to the circumstances of each and every patient (client). The user or consumer is incorporated in the resulting narrative as the main hero (or anti-hero). This flexible "production line" seems to be the result of an age of increasing individualism. <br />
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True, the "language units" (large chunks of denotates and connotates) used in psychology and psychotherapy are one and the same, regardless of the identity of the patient and his therapist. In psychoanalysis, the analyst is likely to always employ the tripartite structure (Id, Ego, Superego). But these are merely the language elements and need not be confused with the idiosyncratic plots that are weaved in every encounter. Each client, each person, and his own, unique, irreplicable, plot.<br />
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To qualify as a "psychological" (both meaningful and instrumental) plot, the narrative, offered to the patient by the therapist, must be:<br />
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1.. All-inclusive (anamnetic) - It must encompass, integrate and incorporate all the facts known about the protagonist. <br />
2.. Coherent - It must be chronological, structured and causal. <br />
3.. Consistent - Self-consistent (its subplots cannot contradict one another or go against the grain of the main plot) and consistent with the observed phenomena (both those related to the protagonist and those pertaining to the rest of the universe). <br />
4.. Logically compatible - It must not violate the laws of logic both internally (the plot must abide by some internally imposed logic) and externally (the Aristotelian logic which is applicable to the observable world). <br />
5.. Insightful (diagnostic) - It must inspire in the client a sense of awe and astonishment which is the result of seeing something familiar in a new light or the result of seeing a pattern emerging out of a big body of data. The insights must constitute the inevitable conclusion of the logic, the language, and of the unfolding of the plot. <br />
6.. Aesthetic - The plot must be both plausible and "right", beautiful, not cumbersome, not awkward, not discontinuous, smooth, parsimonious, simple, and so on. <br />
7.. Parsimonious - The plot must employ the minimum numbers of assumptions and entities in order to satisfy all the above conditions. <br />
8.. Explanatory - The plot must explain the behavior of other characters in the plot, the hero's decisions and behavior, why events developed the way they did. <br />
9.. Predictive (prognostic) - The plot must possess the ability to predict future events, the future behavior of the hero and of other meaningful figures and the inner emotional and cognitive dynamics. <br />
10.. Therapeutic - With the power to induce change, encourage functionality, make the patient happier and more content with himself (ego-syntony), with others, and with his circumstances. <br />
11.. Imposing - The plot must be regarded by the client as the preferable organizing principle of his life's events and a torch to guide him in the dark (vade mecum). <br />
12.. Elastic - The plot must possess the intrinsic abilities to self organize, reorganize, give room to emerging order, accommodate new data comfortably, and react flexibly to attacks from within and from without. <br />
In all these respects, a psychological plot is a theory in disguise. Scientific theories satisfy most of the above conditions as well. But this apparent identity is flawed. The important elements of testability, verifiability, refutability, falsifiability, and repeatability - are all largely missing from psychological theories and plots. No experiment could be designed to test the statements within the plot, to establish their truth-value and, thus, to convert them to theorems or hypotheses in a theory.<br />
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There are four reasons to account for this inability to test and prove (or falsify) psychological theories:<br />
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1.. Ethical - Experiments would have to be conducted, involving the patient and others. To achieve the necessary result, the subjects will have to be ignorant of the reasons for the experiments and their aims. Sometimes even the very performance of an experiment will have to remain a secret (double blind experiments). Some experiments may involve unpleasant or even traumatic experiences. This is ethically unacceptable. <br />
2.. The Psychological Uncertainty Principle - The initial state of a human subject in an experiment is usually fully established. But both treatment and experimentation influence the subject and render this knowledge irrelevant. The very processes of measurement and observation influence the human subject and transform him or her - as do life's circumstances and vicissitudes. <br />
3.. Uniqueness - Psychological experiments are, therefore, bound to be unique, unrepeatable, cannot be replicated elsewhere and at other times even when they are conducted with the SAME subjects. This is because the subjects are never the same due to the aforementioned psychological uncertainty principle. Repeating the experiments with other subjects adversely affects the scientific value of the results. <br />
4.. The undergeneration of testable hypotheses - Psychology does not generate a sufficient number of hypotheses, which can be subjected to scientific testing. This has to do with the fabulous (=storytelling) nature of psychology. In a way, psychology has affinity with some private languages. It is a form of art and, as such, is self-sufficient and self-contained. If structural, internal constraints are met - a statement is deemed true even if it does not satisfy external scientific requirements. <br />
So, what are psychological theories and plots good for? They are the instruments used in the procedures which induce peace of mind (even happiness) in the client. This is done with the help of a few embedded mechanisms:<br />
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1.. The Organizing Principle - Psychological plots offer the client an organizing principle, a sense of order, meaningfulness, and justice, an inexorable drive toward well defined (though, perhaps, hidden) goals, the feeling of being part of a whole. They strive to answer the "why's" and "how's" of life. They are dialogic. The client asks: "why am I (suffering from a syndrome) and how (can I successfully tackle it)". Then, the plot is spun: "you are like this not because the world is whimsically cruel but because your parents mistreated you when you were very young, or because a person important to you died, or was taken away from you when you were still impressionable, or because you were sexually abused and so on". The client is becalmed by the very fact that there is an explanation to that which until now monstrously taunted and haunted him, that he is not the plaything of vicious Gods, that there is a culprit (focusing his diffuse anger). His belief in the existence of order and justice and their administration by some supreme, transcendental principle is restored. This sense of "law and order" is further enhanced when the plot yields predictions which come true (either because they are self-fulfilling or because some real, underlying "law" has been discovered). <br />
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2.. The Integrative Principle - The client is offered, through the plot, access to the innermost, hitherto inaccessible, recesses of his mind. He feels that he is being reintegrated, that "things fall into place". In psychodynamic terms, the energy is released to do productive and positive work, rather than to induce distorted and destructive forces. <br />
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3.. The Purgatory Principle - In most cases, the client feels sinful, debased, inhuman, decrepit, corrupting, guilty, punishable, hateful, alienated, strange, mocked and so on. The plot offers him absolution. The client's suffering expurgates, cleanses, absolves, and atones for his sins and handicaps. A feeling of hard won achievement accompanies a successful plot. The client sheds layers of functional, adaptive stratagems rendered dysfunctional and maladaptive. This is inordinately painful. The client feels dangerously naked, precariously exposed. He then assimilates the plot offered to him, thus enjoying the benefits emanating from the previous two principles and only then does he develop new mechanisms of coping. Therapy is a mental crucifixion and resurrection and atonement for the patient's sins. It is a religious experience. Psychological theories and plots are in the role of the scriptures from which solace and consolation can be always gleaned.Ali Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-38195546891227853832010-10-16T10:17:00.001-07:002010-10-16T10:17:38.165-07:003 Steps To Getting Highly Motivated Prospects Or CustomersWith the many ways to advertise, it is easy to sometimes be in a rush to just get something out somewhere. But, no matter where you plan to advertise, there are several basic fundamentals that will help create advertisements that are effective and profitable. Here are three that will get you headed in the right direction.<br />
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1. First on the check list is; is your unique selling position (USP) clear and provoking?<br />
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You need to find out what makes your business different from that of your competitors. From that, you can develop a strategy based on the strengths or even weaknesses of those differences. Actually, good marketers identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOTs) and develop their strategy from those factors. Here is an example of a USP that stems from a companies weakness:<br />
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"We're not #1, so we work harder to get the job done."<br />
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In this example, a weakness was used to let customers know that they will do what it takes to get the job done. Customers know that they are not #1 so the service and pricing will be competitive.<br />
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Having a USP is extremely important in setting you apart from your competitors. It is what gets you into the minds and eventually the wallets of your customers and prospects.<br />
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2. Effective Headings and Ad Copy<br />
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In developing effective headings and ad copy, it is essential to live by the adage, Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action. Better know as "AIDA."<br />
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This simply means that you grab the attention of the prospect or customer with an compelling headline or graphic, you keep them reading with an interesting ad copy which creates a desire and ends with a powerful call to action .<br />
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When developing "AIDA" it is important to keep in mind that all purchases revolve around basic human wants and they fall into two categories; the desire to gain, and the desire to avoid lose. The latter which is usually the most effective. This is an entire article in itself, but if you focus on those two principals, you will be on your way to an effective ad campaign<br />
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3. It doesn't matter what you say if your not saying it in the right place.<br />
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Just as important as what you say, is where you say it. Where and when you place your ads will have a tremendous effect on the results of those ads. Knowing little facts, such as, the following will give you a much more effective campaign:<br />
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Full page ads get better response on the right hand pages.<br />
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Larger ads work better than smaller ads.<br />
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If placing smaller ads, they are generate more response if lower on the page and closer to the outer margins.<br />
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In direct mail, buyers are more responsive to mailings received mid-week than on Mondays, Fridays, or weekends.<br />
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Seminars and lectures work better during the second and thirds weeks of the month.<br />
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Those are just a few simple facts that will create better response for you. Being a student and learning all the intricate details of advertising will be time well spent in regards to the success of your campaigns.<br />
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Ok, so those three simple steps will help you create more effective and more profitable advertising campaigns. Advertising can be costly if the little details are not given proper attention , but highly profitable if you do your homework and create the most compelling ad and place it at the right time and place.Ali Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-41205281218728382182010-10-16T10:08:00.000-07:002010-10-16T10:08:01.212-07:00The Columnist in the MousetrapI am a voracious reader of the most convoluted and lexiphanic texts - yet, there is one author I prefer to most. She gives me the greatest pleasure and leaves me tranquil and craving for more when I am through devouring one of her countless tomes. A philosopher of the mundane, a scholar of death, an exquisite chronicler of decay and decadence - she is Dame Agatha Christie. I spend as much time wondering what so mesmerizes me in her pulp fiction as I do trying to decipher her deliciously contorted stratagems.<br />
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First, there is the claustrophobia. Modernity revolves around the rapid depletion of our personal spaces - from pastures and manors to cubicles and studio apartments. Christie - like Edgar Ellen Poe before her - imbues even the most confined rooms with endless opportunities for vice and malice, where countless potential scenarios can and do unfold kaleidoscopically. A Universe of plots and countervailing subplots which permeate even the most cramped of her locations. It is nothing short of consummate magic.<br />
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Then there is the realization of the ubiquity of our pathologies. In Christie's masterpieces, even the champions of good are paragons of mental illness. Hercules Poirot, the quintessential narcissist, self-grooming, haughty, and delusional. Miss Marple, a schizoid busybody, who savors neither human company, nor her inevitable encounters with an intruding world. Indeed, it is deformity that gifts these two with their eerily penetrating insights into the infirmities of others.<br />
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Then, there is the death of innocence. Dame Agatha's detective novels are quaint, set in a Ruritanian Britain that is no more and likely had never existed. Technologies make their debut: the car, the telephone, the radio, electric light. The very nature of evil is transformed from the puerile directness of the highway robber and the passion killer - to the scheming, cunning, and disguised automatism of her villains. Crime in her books is calculated, the outcome of plotting and conspiring, a confluence of unbridled and corrupted appetites and a malignant mutation of individualism. Her opus is a portrait of our age as it emerged, all bloodied and repellent, from the womb the dying Victorian era.<br />
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Christie's weapons of choice are simple - the surreptitious poison, a stealthy dagger, the cocked revolver, a hideous drowning. Some acquaintance with the sciences of Chemistry and Physics is indispensable, of course. Archeology comes third. But Christie's main concerns are human nature and morality. The riddles that she so fiendishly posits cannot be solved without taking both into account.<br />
As Miss Marple keeps insisting throughout her numerous adventures, people are the same everywhere, regardless of their social standing, wealth, or upbringing. The foibles, motives, and likely actions of protagonists - criminals as well as victims - are inferred by Marple from character studies of her village folks back home. Human nature is immutable and universal is Christie's message.<br />
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Not so morality. Formal justice is a slippery concept, often opposed to the natural sort. Life is in shades of gray. Murders sometimes are justified, especially when they serve to rectify past wrongs or prevent a greater evil. Some victims had it coming. Crime is part of a cycle of karmic retribution. The detective's role is to restore order to a chaotic situation, to interpret reality for us (in an inevitable final chapter), and to administer true and impartial justice, not shackled by social or legalistic norms. <br />
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Thus, nothing is as it seems.<br />
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It is perhaps Christie's greatest allure. Beneath the polished, petite-bourgeois, rule-driven, surface, lurks another world, replete with demons and with angels, volcanic passions and stochastic drives, the mirrors and the mirrored, where no ratio rules and no laws obtain. Catapulted into this nightmarish, surrealistic landscape, like the survivors of a shipwreck, we wander, bedazzled, readers and detectives, heroes and villains, damsels and their lovers, doomed to await the denouement. When that moment comes, redeemed by reason, we emerge, reassured, into our reinstated, ordered, Before Christ(ie) existence.<br />
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Her novels are the substance of our dreams, woven from the fabric of our fears, an open invitation to plunge into our psyches and courageously confront the abyss. Hence Christie's irresistibility - her utter acquaintance with our deepest quiddity. Who can forgo such narcissistic pleasure? Not your columnist, for sure!Ali Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-63133636193256606772010-10-16T10:06:00.000-07:002010-10-16T10:06:09.854-07:00The Quest for Truth and the Meaning of LifeAll too often, the quest for truth – which admittedly can only yield a qualified success in the best case scenario – is tainted with laxity and fancifulness, and hence is doomed to a pitiable result, not to say failure. <br />
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Strangely enough, Blaise Pascal, a famous mathematician and philosopher, is also the eccentric author of a wager according to which the belief in God (or more precisely in heaven as a divine reward for virtue) is defensible to the extent that it is desirable, even though it cannot be proven. Actually, it is supposedly defensible because not only cannot it be proven, it also cannot be disproven. So desirableness is considered a valid foundation for belief, absent provableness and disprovableness! The door is open to every wild fancy, as long as we lack the empirical means of discrediting it.<br />
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- Who have you invited to dinner, dear?<br />
- Some fabulous folks, my love.<br />
- Great! And who exactly are these folks?<br />
- I don't know, but they're fabulous.<br />
- Hum! How can you say they're fabulous if you don't know them?<br />
- Our neighbor across the road told me so.<br />
- Forgive me for asking, dear, but isn't that neighbor somewhat loopy? The story about angels watching over us sounds like wishful thinking to me.<br />
- This loopy neighbor, as you say, is more fun to listen to than your professor friends, with all due respect.<br />
- But don't you think…<br />
- Forget about thinking; I'm in the mood for a dinner with some fabulous folks.<br />
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(If you feel this is a bit of sexist humor, note that I have made no mention of genders. The prejudices that offend us are sometimes very much our own. Remember also that Blaise Pascal was a man.)<br />
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Personally, I am not willing to forget about thinking. However attractive a claim may be, this attractiveness must be accompanied by credibleness – which is a function of provableness and trustworthiness – before I let it shape my view and govern my life. When credibleness is wanting, I reserve judgment until further notice and meanwhile accept reality as it appears to be, judging from facts and solid arguments, even if this appearance is not consistent with a so-called ideal world. Call me austere (not ready to indulge in the luxury of extravagant beliefs), a man of reason who associates his intellectual austerity with intellectual integrity.<br />
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Having said this, the reverse attitude is common, especially in matters that are beyond the realm of experience and hence can neither be proven nor disproven. For example, as regards their future – here below or in the hereafter – many do not reserve judgment or keep their minds open to all possibilities, ranging from disastrous to glorious. Instead they believe a heavenly tale because they fancy believing it and often also because a charismatic fortuneteller or spiritual leader, allegedly endowed with supernatural powers, is the originator of this tale.<br />
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In its wildest and blindest form, optimism coupled with faith is illustrative of this attitude. Is it fanciful and naïve, or even foolish? I am tempted to say yes, and yet I will resist this temptation. There is no denying that the inveterate optimists-believers derive significant enjoyment from seeing their future through rose-colored spectacles. In view of this enjoyment, a sophisticated better like Blaise Pascal will argue that these spectacles are worth wearing, at the risk of laboring under a delusion. I myself lack the grace or the guile of innocent or calculating souls to whom ignorance is bliss.<br />
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I am all the stauncher as a committed realist since life in itself – without fables and despite the adversities that are part and parcel of it – has meaning to my mind. Furthermore, I contend that religion (as a provider of a questionable but meaningful myth that makes a blissful afterlife the purpose of life) is often a poor substitute for wisdom. It is designed to offset the feeling of dissatisfaction that shadows the foolish if often profound concept of existential absurdity. The more deficient in wisdom, the more avid for religion (as defined above) one is.<br />
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Now, what is the content of this wisdom, or what is the meaning of life within the limits of life? I have answered this question to the best of my ability in my book A REASON FOR LIVING; and my answer – like any answer to this question – is sure to be both at odds and in keeping with yours. But then, the antithesis of statements and disagreements can usefully stimulate the intellect to resolve the oppositions and achieve a new and superior synthesis.<br />
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Be that as it may, this antithesis betrays the imperfection of individual wisdoms. At best, they are true up to a point, and we can persistently overpass this point while the complete truth indefinitely recedes like the horizon as we advance toward it. There are as many wisdoms as there are individuals; nevertheless their subjectiveness admits of much intersubjectiveness or deep intellectual kinship. <br />
Let us explore a number of cardinal facts and logical assumptions based on facts.<br />
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1) The observable universe is the obvious manifestation of a tendency toward order. Ordered things and beings (that show their attraction for a particular inert or living state), ordered behaviors and thoughts (that aim at specific achievements and feelings in preference to others), all this testifies to the tendency in question, which can be called the principle of universal order. The oneness of this principle is not merely nominal. It is fundamental, as demonstrated by the unitary if complex human nature, which comprises every physical and nonphysical aspect of the observable universe.<br />
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2) The observation of the universe relates to observers: humans, in the present instance. It is limited to the observable manifestations of this universe, or provides a basis for knowledge only within the limits of these manifestations. Everything beyond these limits – that is, everything that is not observably manifest – transcends our ability to know it. Nevertheless, as Kant pointed out, our inability to know it does not suppress our curiosity. Whereas some accept the limits of knowledge, many don't. Their effort to penetrate the transcendental mystery ought to yield nothing except fancy.<br />
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3) There are, however, various degrees of fancy. At one extreme, fancy is grossly unfounded or rests on the highly suspicious claims of inspired visionaries regarding the great beyond. At the other extreme, fancy is very much tempered with reason. It is reminiscent of poetry, which assimilates certain things to kindred things through metaphors and similes.<br />
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Take for example the predictions of learned and intuitive futurists about the distant future of humanity. They clearly overstep the limits of knowledge, and yet they are believable to the extent that they are conceivable, given the way this knowledge represents humans and the world they inhabit. Take also for example the conjectures of learned and intuitive philosophers about the intimate nature of nonhuman beings or things beyond their observable characteristics. Like the above-mentioned predictions, they clearly overstep the limits of knowledge, and yet they are believable to the extent that they are conceivable, given the way this knowledge represents humans and nonhuman beings or things.<br />
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4) With respect to our human nature, observations include introspections and reveal both the spiritual and material aspects of this nature. Since we measure the value of life in terms of pleasure (sensual, intellectual, or moral), it is safe to say that the spiritual aspect is preeminent.<br />
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By underscoring the pleasure principle in moral matters, I imply that even the most edifying proof of nobility comprises an element of self-interest. Indeed, nobility is an ideal in the pursuit of which the noble soul takes pleasure – not the low sort of pleasure that one derives from such activities as feasting on a palatable dish or having intercourse with a seductive lover, but the most elevated sort. Therefore, self-interest and nobility are not mutually exclusive. When they come together, the former is exalted by the latter.<br />
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5) As we fathom our human nature, we ultimately acknowledge the principle of universal order as the essence of our being, which can normally acquire habits – of thought or behavior – that are conducive to well-being. And so gratitude adds to the acknowledgment, though misery may reverse this attitude when it plagues us despite ourselves.<br />
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Why such misery? There is no answer to this question. We can ascertain the possibility of misery; we cannot explain it. Saying that the principle of universal order is such as to permit the occurrence of misery is like saying that misery is because it can be, which is no explanation. In short, misery is a mystery; and the best we can do is fight and overcome it, or resign ourselves to it when it is insuperable.<br />
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Actually, we can do better. We can regard misery as a precious opportunity for courage and merit, whereas an absolutely blissful and effortless life would require no courage and hence afford no merit.<br />
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But what about extreme cases where we are truly miserable and helpless? We can then take comfort from the knowledge that the principle of universal order is the essence of our being. Each of us is a single human incarnation of this principle among countless other like incarnations, which offer the prospect of a meritorious happiness through considerable effort.Ali Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-75530098487908821652010-10-16T10:01:00.000-07:002010-10-16T10:01:11.764-07:00Eulogy For A Good Book: PowerPoint and the Two Reasons You Need to Understand itGood bye Moby Dick! Farewell Crime and Punishment! Adios National Geographic and Readers Digest!<br />
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PowerPoint and the generation of the 7th Millennium rules.<br />
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If you're a "Baby Boomer", PowerPoint will likely not appeal to you. Perhaps you will even feel it is evil. But I'll give you two good reasons you ought to understand and appreciate PowerPoint. Your children and grandchildren.<br />
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PowerPoint is the way the Generation of the 7th Millennium and beyond will cope in this fast-paced, frenetic world of iPods, search engines and micro-minute attention spans. (If man came on to the scene in the year 4026 BCE then 1975 would mark the beginning of the seventh Millennium<br />
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Yes, if you were a teen in '75, you remember reading novels and composing essays for your teachers and professors. On the weekends, you caught movies like Dog Day Afternoon, Mahogany, The Man Who Would Be King, The Rocky Horror Picture Show, Love Story, The Stepford Wives, Three Days of the Condor and Monty Python and the Holy Grail ("Sir, by what name be ye known?" …reply? "Some call me Tim?") <br />
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A good plot, drama, and wit (ok, we weren't perfect then either) ruled the big screen. <br />
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But times have evolved. What was a "New York Minute" back then is a New York milli-second today. <br />
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The big screen stars born in that notable year include Drew Barrymore, Angelina Jolie, Charlize Theron, and Kate Winslet.<br />
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In '75, there were five notable deaths -- Marjorie Main (Ma Kettle), Susan Hayward, The Three Stooges' Larry Fine and Moe Howard. The fifth death at the birth of the 7th Millennium was not noted for almost 20 years.<br />
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The death of which I am speaking is the death of reading and comprehension skills. <br />
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Many college professors trace the decline of student reading and retention to 1975, or the beginning of the 7th Millennium. <br />
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This is manifested by students who take no notes, wear stylish headsets that re-play lectures which were recorded by professors.<br />
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Look at how many professors today use PowerPoint presentations and give copies of the slides to their students to use as a study guide. <br />
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Do you really think students have time to read when the Internet furnishes information in lightning-quick fashion? <br />
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Why are newspapers folding, libraries closing and reader's club subscriptions falling? Perhaps the biggest indictment is the Internet. Yes, the industrial age has died and the information age is alive and well. That is, if you like looking at pictures in shades of PowerPoint blue<br />
Delivering and receiving information has changed. There are a new set of rules for writing and reading on the web.<br />
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One sentence paragraphs are acceptable. None are longer than three sentences. On the better sites, articles are generally no longer than 750 words. That's because reading is done by scanning. <br />
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To engage a reader (or scanner as the case may be), psychological tricks like connectives are used to tie one paragraph to the next.<br />
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There are two kinds of copy on the Internet. One appeals to traditional readers, the other to the newer generation of the 7th Millennium.<br />
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The key to educating 7th Millennium students is PowerPoint. The challenge facing educators, speakers and presenters is creating a lecture that can stand on its own merit, utilizing Power Point as a visual aid rather than making Power Point the presentation. <br />
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The generation of the 7th Millennium becomes easily bored. Stimulating students' grey matter neurons requires using our own little grey box of tricks, using word illustrations and probing questions to elevate thinking. Power Point presentations combined with effective speaking tactics are a dynamic one-two punch in the lecture hall.<br />
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The future will remember non-predictions of the past as was the case with Jules Vern's novel conception of a facsimile machine several decades before its creation. <br />
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Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 and The Max Headroom Story will be 'novel' predictions of the future. <br />
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Moving forward, we will no longer look for 15 minutes of fame. No more New York minutes. On the web, things happen in seconds. Our future will soon become our past. <br />
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Perhaps the best we can hope for is that everybody will be somebody for 27 seconds. In a world of sound bites, images flashing before our eyes and action movies, the reality is that 27 seconds is an eternity on the net. <br />
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Capturing the attention of the generation of the 7th Millennium requires pictures, images, and attention-grabbing devices. PowerPoint is the solution. It is the salvation of tomorrow's classroom.<br />
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May we use Power Point Presentations wisely.Ali Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-29704289831359243892010-10-16T09:40:00.000-07:002010-10-16T09:40:10.145-07:00What Does Equal Credit Opportunity Mean?The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) ensures that all consumers are given an equal chance to obtain credit. This doesn't mean all consumers who apply for credit get it: Factors such as income, expenses, debt, and credit history are considerations for creditworthiness. <br />
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The law protects you when you deal with any creditor who regularly extends credit, including banks, small loan and finance companies, retail and department stores, credit card companies, and credit unions. Anyone involved in granting credit, such as real estate brokers who arrange financing, is covered by the law. Businesses applying for credit also are protected by the law. <br />
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When You Apply For Credit, A Creditor May Not... <br />
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Discourage you from applying because of your sex, marital status, age, race, national origin, or because you receive public assistance income. <br />
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Ask you to reveal your sex, race, national origin, or religion. A creditor may ask you to voluntarily disclose this information (except for religion) if you're applying for a real estate loan. This information helps federal agencies enforce anti-discrimination laws. You may be asked about your residence or immigration status. <br />
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Ask if you're widowed or divorced. When permitted to ask marital status, a creditor may only use the terms: married, unmarried, or separated. <br />
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Ask about your marital status if you're applying for a separate, unsecured account. A creditor may ask you to provide this information if you live in "community property" states: Arizona, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Washington. A creditor in any state may ask for this information if you apply for a joint account or one secured by property. <br />
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Request information about your spouse, except when your spouse is applying with you; your spouse will be allowed to use the account; you are relying on your spouse's income or on alimony or child support income from a former spouse; or if you reside in a community property state. <br />
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Inquire about your plans for having or raising children. <br />
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Ask if you receive alimony, child support, or separate maintenance payments, unless you're first told that you don't have to provide this information if you won't rely on these payments to get credit. A creditor may ask if you have to pay alimony, child support, or separate maintenance payments. <br />
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When Deciding To Give You Credit, A Creditor May Not... <br />
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Consider your sex, marital status, race, national origin, or religion. <br />
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Consider whether you have a telephone listing in your name. A creditor may consider whether you have a phone. <br />
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Consider the race of people in the neighborhood where you want to buy, refinance or improve a house with borrowed money. <br />
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Consider your age, unless: <br />
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- you're too young to sign contracts, generally younger than 18 years of age; <br />
- you're 62 or older, and the creditor will favor you because of your age; <br />
- it's used to determine the meaning of other factors important to creditworthiness. For example, a creditor could use your age to determine if your income might drop because you're about to retire; <br />
- it's used in a valid scoring system that favors applicants age 62 and older. A credit-scoring system assigns points to answers you provide to credit application questions. For example, your length of employment might be scored differently depending on your age. <br />
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When Evaluating Your Income, A Creditor May Not... <br />
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Refuse to consider public assistance income the same way as other income. <br />
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Discount income because of your sex or marital status. For example, a creditor cannot count a man's salary at 100 percent and a woman's at 75 percent. A creditor may not assume a woman of childbearing age will stop working to raise children.<br />
Discount or refuse to consider income because it comes from part-time employment or pension, annuity, or retirement benefits programs. <br />
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Refuse to consider regular alimony, child support, or separate maintenance payments. A creditor may ask you to prove you have received this income consistently. <br />
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You Also Have The Right To... <br />
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Have credit in your birth name (Mary Smith), your first and your spouse's last name (Mary Jones), or your first name and a combined last name (Mary Smith-Jones). <br />
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Get credit without a cosigner, if you meet the creditor's standards. <br />
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Have a cosigner other than your husband or wife, if one is necessary. <br />
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Keep your own accounts after you change your name, marital status, reach a certain age, or retire, unless the creditor has evidence that you're not willing or able to pay. <br />
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Know whether your application was accepted or rejected within 30 days of filing a complete application. <br />
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Know why your application was rejected. The creditor must give you a notice that tells you either the specific reasons for your rejection or your right to learn the reasons if you ask within 60 days. <br />
<br />
Acceptable reasons include: "Your income was low," or "You haven't been employed long enough." Unacceptable reasons are: "You didn't meet our minimum standards," or "You didn't receive enough points on our credit-scoring system." Indefinite and vague reasons are illegal, so ask the creditor to be specific. <br />
<br />
Find out why you were offered less favorable terms than you applied for-unless you accept the terms. Ask for details. Examples of less favorable terms include higher finance charges or less money than you requested. <br />
<br />
Find out why your account was closed or why the terms of the account were made less favorable unless the account was inactive or delinquent. <br />
<br />
A Special Note To Women <br />
<br />
A good credit history-a record of how you paid past bills-often is necessary to get credit. Unfortunately, this hurts many married, separated, divorced, and widowed women. <br />
<br />
There are two common reasons women don't have credit histories in their own names: they lost their credit histories when they married and changed their names; or creditors reported accounts shared by married couples in the husband's name only. <br />
<br />
If you're married, divorced, separated, or widowed, contact your local credit bureau(s) to make sure all relevant information is in a file under your own name. <br />
<br />
If You Suspect Discrimination... <br />
<br />
Complain to the creditor. Make it known you're aware of the law. The creditor may find an error or reverse the decision. <br />
<br />
Check with your state Attorney General to see if the creditor violated state equal credit opportunity laws. Your state may decide to prosecute the creditor. <br />
<br />
Bring a case in federal district court. If you win, you can recover damages, including punitive damages. You also can obtain compensation for attorney's fees and court costs. <br />
<br />
An attorney can advise you on how to proceed. <br />
<br />
Join with others and file a class action suit. You may recover punitive damages for the group of up to $500,000 or one percent of the creditor's net worth, whichever is less. <br />
<br />
Report violations to the appropriate government agency. If you're denied credit, the creditor must give you the name and address of the agency to contact. While some of these agencies don't resolve individual complaints, the information you provide helps them decide which companies to investigate.Ali Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-90474243057049516022010-10-16T09:35:00.001-07:002010-10-16T09:35:43.689-07:00Media Protocol for Business and LifeWhen I was a Venue Media <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD6">manager</span> with <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1">the Commonwealth</span> Games, I received some of the best coverage of the venues that I was looking after. I had some people ask me what was my secret.<br />
<br />
I first inquired what they were doing and found out that some of them had an attitude of seeing the media as something to be suspicious of, to keep at bay and give as little as possible. In turn, the media had little regard for them as well.<br />
<br />
There are many people who treat the media this way as well when it comes to their business, and then hope that the media will give them great coverage and a good story as well. This is a receipt for disaster.<br />
First, true media does not have the time or energy to "GET" everyone. Often the people end up getting themselves in their worry or nervousness. They may say something dumb or negative or attack the reporter who is just doing his or her job. In most cases, the media does not have an ulterior motive and is just collecting information. If you do something foolish, remember though that it is not the media's job to help you out of a crisis.<br />
<br />
When you treat people with respect, they are much more likely to treat you the same way. Yes, there could be exception, but in most circumstances, I have found that it was never about me and more about what was happening to them at the time. <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4">For example</span>, I had three cases where the people weren't great to me, and in each case, they came back to apologize with gift or peace offering in hand.<br />
They were each dealing with <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2">personal</span> issues and / or were having a bad day. With forgiveness, you create a friend, someone who is more willing to help you out in the <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3">future</span>.<br />
<br />
Keep in mind that we need a symbiotic relationship with the media. There will be times when you want to announce an <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5">upcoming event</span>, a breakthrough or change in your organization etc. How you have treated them in the past will affect what kind of coverage you will get and whether it is good or not. <br />
<br />
The media can supply you with some very valuable free coverage and coverage that is 3rd hand. This coverage gives credibility to what you are doing or saying.<br />
<br />
And should something happen that could be negative, the media may write the story whether you cooperate or not. For the most part, it is better to have your comments included rather than them only having half the facts or speculation to go on.<br />
<br />
If it is a special event that will last for a while, coffee, treats and smiles go a long way with having them stay and giving good coverage. The cost of a coffee and a treat is small potatoes compared with the coverage that you can receive.<br />
<br />
Oh, and my secret, just that. I treated them like human beings. I offered to get them coffee. And when the game went late, on the break I took them up to the athlete and coaches dinner area and gave them sandwiches and drinks. They were able to get great interviews and we received great coverage.<br />
<br />
This can be a metaphor for many areas in our lives. Ask yourself, "How am I treating the people in my life that can help me the most?" <br />
by www.readbud.comAli Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-34626671863179467402010-10-16T09:34:00.000-07:002010-10-16T09:34:07.126-07:00Harvard Drug Research Fraud and Cover-up: How Off-Label Profiteering WorksHarvard Drug Research Fraud and Cover-up: How Off-Label Profiteering Works <br />
<br />
Drug company <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2">money</span> influences and corrupts research. That is a given. <br />
<br />
What is less understood is why drug manufacturers spend billions for research on off-label uses for their products - uses that were never cleared with the FDA when the drug was submitted for approval. <br />
<br />
Off-label use allows drug companies to get "through the back door" what they could never, and I mean never, get away with by going directly to the FDA for approval for a new use of a product - what is known today as an off-label use. <br />
<br />
You would hope that researchers wouldn't corrupt the commercial experimentation of a new, or off-label, use of a drug to treat children by covering up their consulting fees from Big Pharma. But that's what happened. <br />
<br />
More important than what happened is why it happened and at the bottom of all this is a terrible mistake the U.S. has made in allowing the exploitation of off-label use. <br />
<br />
The devil is in the details, so here is the story as it has unfolded. <br />
<br />
<span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3">Leading</span> Harvard professors studying off-label uses, the gold mine of the drug industry, have violated <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4">National Institute of Health</span> reporting <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1">requirements</span> when more than $10,000 has been received from a subject company, according to the New York Times, "Researchers Fail to Reveal Drug Pay" June 8, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/08/us/08conflict.html?em&ex=1213070400&en=9971013dfd33290a&ei=508720say20are%20sorry&st=cse isn't enough. <br />
<br />
If Harvard doesn't fire them, it will be complicit in the cover-up. <br />
<br />
Throw them off campus. Ring the bell loud and clear that no matter how renown or stellar, if you don't play by the rules, you can't play at all. And the NIH should forever ban them from receiving grants. <br />
<br />
Don't throw out the baby with the bath water. Once appropriate punishment has been served, give these researchers a chance to polish their tarnished reputations. Allow them to conduct research under the supervision of a responsible administrator who knows that "veritas," means truth, accuracy, honesty, and uprightness and that it's more than just a motto. <br />
<br />
Onward. <br />
<br />
Richard Alexander <br />
http://www.alexanderinjury.comAli Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-60246190463023660002010-10-16T09:32:00.001-07:002010-10-16T09:32:55.149-07:00Wyoming Governor To Uranium Miners: Bring Us Your Projects!"We're Ready: This State is in Play!"<br />
<br />
The New Face of Wyoming's Uranium Mining <br />
<br />
Part One of a Five-Part Series<br />
<br />
Wyoming Governor Dave Freudenthal really likes the current uranium bull market, "I hope the price of yellowcake stays up, and things get moving." Yes, the Wyoming democratic governor strongly endorses uranium mining in his state. That would make sense because Wyoming is the largest U.S. uranium producer. More than 40 percent of the uranium reserves in the United States are located in Wyoming, according to the reserves and resource estimate published by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Since hitting a bottom in late December 2000, the spot price of uranium has soared by more than 500 percent, reaching a high of $38.50/pound at the end of February. The last time uranium <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD7">traded</span> this high, President Ronald Reagan was into the second month of his first term.<br />
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Unlike some states, where uranium mining is frowned upon, or banned, Wyoming welcomes the industry with open arms. "We've always sort of been comfortable with the uranium industry," Freudenthal told StockInterview.com. "The uranium industry is part of our history. It's not something that is frightening or alarming to us." Freudenthal clearly sees <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD9">nuclear energy</span> as a potential <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD10">solution</span> for the energy crisis, "I don't think anybody has any reservations that we need to have greater domestic capability in energy. I think, in the circles that worry about those equations, there is clearly a role for nuclear power."<br />
<br />
Freudenthal urged the capital markets to act on the energy crisis by turning to Wyoming and mining the abundant supply of uranium, "There's got to be some clear signals to the capital markets that investment in this area will ultimately be rewarded. We certainly have the resource." Since June 2004, publiclytraded junior uranium companies and speculators have created a staking frenzy in the state. Wyoming's Office of State Lands and Investments reported developers are snapping up tens of thousands of acres of state leases. The reading room, where prospectors and developers study potential federal lands for leasing purposes in the Cheyenne office of the U.S. Bureau of Land <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3">Management</span> (BLM), was filled to capacity during a recent visit by the StockInterview.com editorial team.<br />
<br />
StockInterview.com asked if the unusually high level of staking activity in Wyoming by publicly traded companies, such as Strathmore Minerals (TSX: STM; Other OTC: STHJF), Energy Metals Corporation (TSX: EMC), Kilgore Minerals (TSX: KAU), UR-Energy (TSE: URE) and Uranerz Energy (OTC BB: URNZ), was merely speculative, Freudenthal responded, "I think we're past the sort of speculation of people running through and picking everything up. We're down to serious players trying to make serious decisions." Good news for the above-mentioned uranium <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD12">development companies</span>: The Governor of Wyoming believes you mean business, and he's doing everything he can to encourage you!<br />
<br />
Freudenthal was optimistic more companies would bring their projects to Wyoming, "These are not light investments. But you also don't go out and re-activate uranium production, if at the end of the day, you don't have a buyer." Governor Freudenthal is a good listener and acts quickly and decisively when facing facts. <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4">For example</span>, when StockInterview.com informed him that decommissioned Russian nuclear warheads now powered about one in every twenty electric light bulbs in the United States, and that the swords-for-plowshares arrangement might end in 2013 (end of HEU), Freudenthal responded, "If that timing is correct, then they should already be making decisions to invest in Wyoming. I hope they do." <br />
<br />
A large number of Canadian and European financiers believe there is a nuclear renaissance. Where does the Governor stand? "We're ready," Freudenthal shot back. "They just need to start bringing the projects and the money (into Wyoming). I think we have a very good regulatory climate. I think if they move into the 'in situ' (ISL) mining, we've got some experience with that." And if the public companies bring their projects to Wyoming, how does Governor Freudenthal feel? "This state is IN PLAY!" he exuberantly announced. <br />
<br />
Asked to compare Wyoming with New Mexico, once a top uranium-producing state, he responded, "This state, historically, is just much more comfortable with <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1">commodity</span> development." On the other hand, he somewhat deferred to New Mexico's own nuclear renaissance, where rumors are flying of a new nuclear power plant and the expansion of uranium mining and nuclear in that state, explaining, "New Mexico is closer to some larger energy consuming markets. They have fewer miles of transmission lines to build if they are going to get to California or Nevada. It wouldn't seem illogical if I were a private investor to look there first."<br />
<br />
What does the Governor have to say to the new flock of uranium development companies, joining Cameco's Power Resources in mining Wyoming's uranium? There are several companies, which have staked land, and are now beginning to move their projects forward. Freudenthal advised, "They need to start allocating greater capital at a rate that the project sponsors are comfortable. We're past the speculators. People know it (uranium) is here. Nobody wants to hit the market too early. And they don't want to be too late. It'll move. I just don't know when. But when it does, we're in a <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD8">position</span> to respond to it. We've got the goods. We've got the right regulatory climate."<br />
<br />
Would Governor Freudenthal invite or discourage a public utility in building a nuclear power plant in Wyoming? "I don't have a problem with one. The question really has always been, and most of what we are focused on, right now, is getting power lines built. If we don't have power lines, we're not going to get nuclear plants. We're not going to get coal-fired plants. We're not going to get anything. Ours is an export state. There is not enough internal demand for electricity to justify the construction of a plant." Freudenthal added Wyoming was "waiting to see if the larger economy is ready for some nuclear power plants."<br />
<br />
Two years ago, his administration created the Wyoming Infrastructure Authority to work on getting power lines constructed. That may help remove the bug stalling the launch of Wyoming's first nuclear reactor, as well as exploiting the state's most valuable <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD11">renewable energy source</span>, wind. "We've got five or six areas that are world-class wind resources. We have people who want to build the turbines, but they have got to have access to the power grid. And I think the same is true in terms of whether it is a nuclear power plant, a coal-fired plant or this new combined-cycle plant, where you can convert coal to gas. Ultimately, the marketplace will decide which way they're going to go. But, no matter which one they do, I know my chances of getting it in Wyoming are greater if I have figured out our power line routes."<br />
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Freudenthal is popular, can think on his cowboy-boot clad feet, and can be decisive. And he is working on the power line routes, not just dreaming about what could be done. "We have some hopeful things," he explained. "We have been working with California on the Frontier Line." And what is the Frontier Line? U.S. Secretary of Energy announced in a <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5">press</span> release a year ago, "This <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD6">proposal</span> exhibits the boldness and innovation the West is traditionally known for, as well as the multi-state cooperation and big-picture thinking required to make regional markets thrive." Secretary Bodman praised Governors Schwarzenegger, Freudenthal, Guinn and Huntsman, saying, "… the 'Frontier Line' project will begin the process of ensuring reliable electricity for some of our fastest growing Western States."<br />
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Being an export state, Wyoming has done well during the recent boom in <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2">commodities</span>, enjoying the rising royalties from the production of oil, natural gas, coal and uranium. This past year, the state built up a surplus of nearly $2 billion. How does Freudenthal plan to spend this money? "We're putting a chunk into college scholarships, a chunk into infrastructure and a chunk into human capital investments." And next year, Freudenthal will have more such chunks to spend as high energy prices continue to demand the extraction of those abundant resources Wyoming generously offers the rest of the United States.<br />
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As a side note, Wyoming is a "red state," but with a very popular governor who is ironically a Democrat. While we did not discuss Freudenthal's political ambitions, Wyoming's previous leading political personality has been serving as Vice-President of the United States through most of this decade. Memo to Hillary Rodham Clinton: Don't overlook Dave Freudenthal if you want to woo the vast number of red states between the east coast and the left coast. This governor could help get your old room back at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. <br />
<br />
by www.readbud.comAli Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-72083952801077147122010-10-16T09:31:00.000-07:002010-10-16T09:31:20.994-07:00Marketing to MarketersMarketing to other <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5">marketers</span> to make it easier to make money is great but many of the buyers never use the products and just try to pawn them off on other marketers. So you wind up with all these people selling scripts, programs, eBooks, and more to other online marketers and they profess how great they are without ever using them. They are just trying to make a buck as an affiliate of someone else's idea. <br />
<br />
I am all for new <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2">marketing ideas</span> especially the ones that automate tedious tasks. I love submitting articles and use an auto submitter. RSS feeds provide news to my sites. Automatically creating links to Clickbank items based on keywords in my blogs is a godsend. <br />
<br />
But, to me, if people don't use these products and just pimp them to others, they are missing out on the long term benefits for a quick buck. <br />
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I admit that I have done this in the past and may do it again in the <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3">future</span> – but – I only sell products that I actually use and approve. That way I can actually vouch for them since I have used them and can speak from personal experience. <br />
<br />
Personally, I prefer to market to the average Internet Joe. I market to people who are looking for a deal on a credit card (and I use a super script to keep my site current). I recommend <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4">hotels in</span> Thailand and can speak from first-hand experience. I post links to hotels in Thailand forums and also have 6 Thai affiliate hotel sites. I also write articles about Thailand and list my hotel affiliate links in the author's resource box. These are pretty easy to write since I have been traveling <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1">to Thailand</span> for over 30 years. <br />
<br />
I also write the occasional marketing or credit article to get some traffic to those sites. I have about 10 article sites and advertise on those sites that others submit their articles to. <br />
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I would rather make a few bucks marketing a product to people who are actually going to use it instead of marketing to someone who is only going to try to sell it to someone else. <br />
<br />
All of this is just my personal opinion. There is nothing morally wrong or illegal of marketing to marketers. I use many of the items that are up for sale, especially those that make my life a little bit easier. <br />
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The one thing that I do object to is the folks that market to others and make false or misleading statements indicating that they use the product and how wonderful it is when they have never used it and just want to make a buck. <br />
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Anyhow, keep coming up with all those great products that marketers can use to make our lives easier. Just market them honestly.<br />
by www.readbud.comAli Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-91773324649248894862010-10-16T09:29:00.000-07:002010-10-16T09:29:14.186-07:00I am not a <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1">scientist</span> or a <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5">religious</span> authority, therefore my question "Why Can't The Theories of <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3">Evolution</span> And Creationism Co-Exist?" may seem unintelligent, however it seems to me that the theories of evolution and creationism can be merged. <br />
<br />
It is my understanding that the theory of evolution basically holds that mankind evolved from a lower species over numerous generations through natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift and other selective forces. <br />
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It is my understanding that the theory of creationism basically holds that mankind, the earth and everything else was created by a supreme being or god. <br />
<br />
When people say that "god created the heavans and the earth in six days and on the seventh he rested", who can say how long one of god's days is. Why are we so egotistical as to believe that his day is the same as our's. We don't know god (Most of us who believe in god do so because we want to not because we have proof.) but if there is a god why can't his, her or it's day be a thousand or a million or even several billion of our years. <br />
<br />
Chapter 2, verse 7 of the book of Genises states "then the LORD God formed man of <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4">dust</span> from the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being." It does not state how long this took or what form the being we call man originally took. God's image can be many things. We have no way of knowing. Additionally, although the bible is supposed to be the <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2">word of god</span>, it was written by humans and therefore subject to human <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD6">interpretation</span>. <br />
<br />
When we create something we start out with one thing and then add to it and alter it untill we finish and with some creations, such as a garden, we never finish adding to and altering it. Who says that god could not have started with one cell and throughevolution added to it and altered it untill it became a human being. Who can say for sure that he, she or it is still not adding to and altering mankind. Who can say that god did not make us in such a way that we would continue to evolve without his, her or it's intervention. Who can say that the process is finished. Chapter 2 verse 1 of the book of Genesis states "Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them.". I have not found any place in the bible that states humans were finished.<br />
It is said that "god created man in his own image". Since no one has ever seen god who can say what that image is. Who knows what humans will look like or how they will think in a thousand, ten thousand or one hundred thousand years. Maybe someday all humans will look and think exactly alike. Maybe someday all humans will merge into one being. <br />
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If there is a being powerful enough to create us then that being would be so far above us that we could not possibly understand it's thought processes or how it created or is creating us. We can not know what is intended for us or how or if things will end. <br />
<br />
No human knows or understands everthing. No human can state beyond all doubt that there is or isn't a god. No human is infallible. Anything is possible, even the possibility thatevolution and creationism are part of the same process. <br />
<br />
by www.readbud.comAli Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-11787803310237998832010-10-16T09:26:00.000-07:002010-10-16T09:26:38.396-07:00Auschwitz Death Camp, Lesson Learned?Auschwitz was the most <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4">notorious</span> of the Nazi labor camps in WWII. There, a man or woman could expect at any moment to be sent to the gas chambers, used for medical <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1">experiments</span> or given a phenol injection to the heart which would cause death in 15 seconds. If lucky, they would instead be used for exhaustive labor under the most grueling conditions.<br />
<br />
A <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3">selection</span> committee decided who was fit for labor and who would be used for medical experiments or exterminated. One 'doctor' drew an arbitrary height line of 5 feet 2 inches and any child who was not tall enough was sent to the gas chambers immediately.<br />
<br />
Many were sent to the chambers directly upon arriving at Auschwitz. For that reason records do not exist for all of the people who were killed.<br />
<br />
Their horrible suffering and the conditions they endured were beyond belief. People would tell each other lies just to give hope. "The allies have landed in Greece". The implication was that they would be rescued soon. There were many other stories concocted to keep one another from utter despair.<br />
<br />
After Auschwitz was closed and the inmates released there was a reckoning. The Nazis were hunted down over the years and brought to account for their crimes one by one.<br />
<br />
The time of Nazi Germany has ended. Yet, there exists forced labor camps in China today while <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD6">Holocaust</span> survivors still live. Have we learned nothing from history?<br />
<br />
The labor camps in China, much like the Nazi death camps, are used to harm those whom the Chinese Communist Party does not like. They are also used to attempt to break the will and spirit of those who <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2">practice</span> the peaceful meditation practice of Falun Gong<br />
<br />
From these camps the Chinese Communist Party derives a source of free labor. The goods are exported for profit and consumption around the world. Similar to the Nazi camps, these nightmarish dens of horror are a source of suffering, torture and death. Why are they tolerated? Isn't it time that they are dismantled and eliminated?<br />
<br />
The famous poet Elie Wiesel, himself an Auschwitz survivor, had this to say, "I swore never to be silent whenever and wherever human beings endure suffering and humiliation. We must always take sides. Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented."<br />
<br />
Simon Wiesenthal, another labor camp survivor who helped bring many Nazi criminals to justice said this. "For your benefit, learn from our tragedy. It is not a written law that the next victims must be Jews. It can also be other people. We saw it begin in Germany with Jews, but people from more than twenty other nations were also murdered. When I started this work, I said to myself, I will look for the murderers of all the victims, not only the Jewish victims. I will fight for justice."<br />
<br />
The Chinese Communist Party is responsible for the use of forced labor camps that house many Chinese citizens today. To do nothing is to ignore the lessons of the past as well as the suffering of the present. Isn't it time to speak up?<br />
<br />
Call a Chinese <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5">embassy</span> or official and let them know what you think of their forced labor camps. Tell them to stop the persecution of Falun Gong practitioners. Do not remain silent.<br />
<br />
by www.readbud.comAli Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-74935057080365808442010-10-16T09:21:00.001-07:002010-10-16T09:21:46.037-07:00Approaches to Care in Physician Assisted SuicideThere is a growing interest in suicide. When people start looking for more information about suicide, you'll be in a position to meet their needs. This article is a brief description of much information on this subject. Let's start with 3 levels to discern in the act of euthanasia.<br />
<br />
There are three levels to discern in the act of euthanasia:<br />
<br />
1. One is a patient who is comatose or brain dead. In these cases the doctor is asked to "pull the plug," or remove the patient from mechanical life support. These cases are generally not challenged by the general public. It is an act of withdrawing or withholding necessary mechanisms used to sustain a life that cannot sustain itself. It is here that the recognition of one's personality is gone and the shell of a body is all that remains. <br />
<br />
2. Another act of euthanasia involves the use of morphine to hospitalized patients in the painful final stages of her or his life with diseases such as cancer and AIDS.<br />
<br />
3. The last category of euthanasia is patients in relatively good health and at the beginning of a terminal illness wishing to end their lives. Such cases as Alzheimer's and Cancer preclude patients to want information on PAS. This is the most controversial of the three issues involved ineuthanasia. <br />
<br />
Euthanasia originated from the Greek language meaning "good death." It is the intentional termination of a life by another person capable of doing so by the request of the person wanting to die. Here are a few terms that one needs to know in PAS that define actions taking place.<br />
<br />
Passive Euthanasia is the hastening of a death by means of altering some form of support and letting nature take its course. This can include; removing life support equipment, stopping medical treatment or procedures, stopping food and water consumption which leads to dehydration or starving to death, and withholding CPR (Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation). The most common use of PAS is to give patients large doses of morphine to control pain. It is most likely that the pain relief will suppress respiration and cause death earlier than it would have otherwise happened. This is also done on patients who are in a persistive vegetative state or patients not able to regain consciousness due to brain damage [Image][Image] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Active Euthanasia is the use of intentional means to cause the death of a person through a direct action. Dr. Jack Kevorkian, a Michigan physician made this well known in 1998 with a patient who had ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease). His patient was afraid of the long suffering involved in ALS and wanted to die a quick and painless death. Dr. Kevorkian injected controlled substances into this patient and caused death. Kevorkian was charged with 1st degree murder, but the jury found him guilty of 2nd degree murder in March of 1999.<br />
<br />
Physician Assisted Suicide is the provision of information or means to a dying patient with the intent to commit suicide.<br />
<br />
Involuntary Euthanasia is the ending of a life without a patient clearly requesting it.<br />
<br />
"There are many reasons why patients want to utilize PAS. Some are simply clinically depressed, of which, one's illness has brought on or one's emotional and mental processing of their illness has led to suffering in ways beyond the body. Others live in chronic pain-due to lack of healthcare coverage or means to obtain medication. This later group would rather die early and not incur medical expenses on those they leave behind. A serious disorder or disease such as: ASL, Huntington's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, AIDS, Alzheimer's, etc. are just some of the illnesses people would rather avoid losing their independence and finances over. In some ways, this gives people a feeling of control over the process of their lives." <br />
<br />
Samuel Oliver, author of, "What the Dying Teach Us: Lessons on Living" <br />
For more on this author; http://www.soulandspirit.orgAli Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-19522931776053472512010-10-16T09:19:00.000-07:002010-10-16T09:19:18.370-07:00The Most Overlooked Safety Event - DrivingDriving a vehicle is probably the most overlooked safety event in one's life. Personal vehicles are driven to have employees arrive at work, to take kids to soccer practice, and even to deliver goods to customers. Basic precautions take a few moments to check. Millions of people are killed each year. People ages 15-44 account for over half of all deaths due to road traffic injuries. Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death by injury worldwide. In North America alone, the equivalent of the passengers on ten 747 jets die in traffic incidents each day. <br />
<br />
The basics of vehicle operation are to know how to operate the vehicle and use any related equipment or attachments safely. Be familiar with the location and function of all the controls. A good place to start is the owner's manual. Many of the functions of the vehicle are not covered at the point of purchase. <br />
<br />
Inspect the vehicle daily. Develop a routine method of inspecting vehicle by doing a quick walk around. Start at the front and do a complete walk around; check the tires, windshield wipers, lights, and for any objects that might be laying in the vehicle's path. <br />
Once inside, adjust seat and controls. Fasten seat belt. Pump the foot brake; the brakes should hold the vehicle and while stopping they should stop the vehicle smoothly. If there is a clutch and gearshift, the shifter shifts smoothly without jumping or jerking. The steering wheel moves smoothly with no play. Make sure all dash controls are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
For fleet and commercial vehicles, check the hydraulic systems for operation. If installed check the back-up alarm; if not installed, equip the vehicle with one. Check for the emergency equipment and make sure all required equipment is on board. Check the load and make sure it is secure and complying with regulations. Check the wheels and fasteners and make sure there are no defects in rim or loose or even missing fasteners. [Image][Image] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
While driving listen for strange noises and even smell for unusual odors that may be coming from the vehicle. Wear the seat belt; more people have been injured by not wearing the belt than those who do. <br />
Now that the vehicle has checked and is safe, simple procedures can be learned and practiced to ensure safe driving. Wear the seat belt every time and insist all passengers wear theirs as well. The airbag is a safety device that can inflict injury if precautions are not used; be sure there is at least 10 inches between the air bag and the middle of the chest; never place a rear-facing infant seat in front of an air bag. <br />
<br />
Children 12 and under are safest buckled up in the back seat. Use the appropriate child and infant restraints. For child seats, follow the manufacturers' guidelines on installation; over half the checked seats checked by police are being used incorrectly. <br />
<br />
Assuming everyone drives like an idiot will improve defensive driving skills. Keep all vehicle windows and mirrors clear so you can see potential hazards. Adjust your speed to the legal limit, the road conditions and your own driving abilities at the time. Slow down if you're tired, distracted, emotional or ill. Drowsy driving, just as drunk driving, can cause a crash within seconds. Get enough sleep before you take the wheel. Also know what medications may cause drowsiness or dizziness. <br />
<br />
Expect the unexpected. Know what is around the vehicle at all times by checking all mirrors every five to eight seconds. Always keep the eyes moving and use every vantage point to gain information about the road ahead such as a hill top. By observing all areas around the vehicle, an escape movement can be used to avoid an incident. <br />
<br />
By checking the vehicle each time before it is started and driving defensively, less traffic incidents will occur. The result will be better insurance rates and less injury in one's life.<br />
<br />
by www.readbud.comAli Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-18664994253790756192010-10-05T09:54:00.001-07:002010-10-05T09:56:13.245-07:00Lowongan kerja di KPK<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TKtYk8x44xI/AAAAAAAAABk/DvLHe6qx2No/s1600/kpk.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TKtYk8x44xI/AAAAAAAAABk/DvLHe6qx2No/s320/kpk.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="fullpost">Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK), opening opportunities for Indonesian Citizen (WNI), which has particularly high integrity and commitment to fill the position<br />
<br />
Dibutuhkan lebih dari sekedar TEKAD untuk memberantas korupsi di Indonesia...<br />
<br />
Indonesia memanggil Warga Negara Indonesia yang memiliki integritas dan komitmen tinggi untuk bergabung dengan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi dan mengisi posisi-posisi jabatan berikut:<br />
<br />
Jabatan Rumpun Struktural Lihat Spesifikasi Jabatan<br />
<br />
1. Deputi Bidang Informasi dan Data<br />
2. Kepala Biro SDM<br />
3. Kepala Bagian Pelayanan Kepegawaian<br />
4. Kepala Bagian Perencanaan Pengembangan<br />
<br />
Jabatan Rumpun Fungsional Lihat Spesifikasi Jabatan<br />
<br />
1. Pemeriksa Gratifikasi<br />
2. Pemeriksa LHKPN<br />
3. Spesialis Kampanye Sosial<br />
4. Spesialis Hubungan Internasional - Bantuan Internasional<br />
5. Spesialis Hubungan Internasional - Bilateral dan Multilateral<br />
6. Spesialis Hubungan Internasional - Implementasi Kegiatan<br />
7. Spesialis Jaringan Kerjasama Nasional Daerah<br />
8. Spesialis Pelacakan Aset<br />
9. Spesialis Pendidikan Masyarakat<br />
10. Spesialis Penelitian, Pengkajian dan Pengembangan<br />
11. Spesialis SDM<br />
12. Spesialis SDM (Pendidikan dan Pelatihan)<br />
13. Spesialis Humas (Pemberitaan, Pelayanan, Informasi dan Publikasi)<br />
<br />
Jabatan Rumpun Administrasi Lihat Spesifikasi Jabatan<br />
<br />
1. Administrasi Laporan Harta Kekayaan Penyelenggara Negara<br />
2. Administrasi Kesekretariatan Bidang Informasi dan Data<br />
3. Administrasi Kesekretariatan Bidang Penindakan<br />
<br />
4. Administrasi Kesekretariatan Bidang Pengawasan Internal dan Pengaduan Masyarakat<br />
5. Administrasi Gratifikasi<br />
6. Administrasi Hukum<br />
7. Administrasi Penuntutan<br />
8. Administrasi Penyelidikan<br />
9. Administrasi Penyidikan<br />
10. Administrasi SDM (Pelayanan Kepegawaian /Database dan HRIS)<br />
11. Administrasi SDM (Perencanaan dan Pengembangan)<br />
12. Staf Acquisition & Implementation<br />
13. Staf Humas<br />
14. Staf Pendidikan dan Pelatihan<br />
15. Staf Delivery Support ( IT Security)<br />
16. Staf Kampanye Sosial<br />
17. Staf Penggajian<br />
18. Staf Unit Pelayanan (ULP)<br />
19. Staf Pengelolaan Gedung<br />
20. Staf Planning and Monitoring<br />
21. Sekretaris Deputi Bidang Pencegahan<br />
22. Arsiparis<br />
<br />
1. PERSYARATAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PENGALAMAN<br />
<br />
1. Minimal S1 untuk jabatan Struktural dan Spesialis/Fungsional.<br />
2. Minimal D3 untuk jabatan administrasi dan staf.<br />
3. Diutamakan berbahasa Inggris aktif<br />
4. Mahir menggunakan komputer dan aplikasinya<br />
<br />
2. KETENTUAN UMUM<br />
</span><br />
<ol><span class="fullpost">
<li>Tidak terikat hubungan suami/istri, ayah/ibu, mertua/menantu, anak kandung/tiri/angkat, saudara kandung/tiri/angkat dengan pegawai yang sudah bekerja di KPK.</li>
<li>Setiap lamaran dikirimkan melalui situs-web konsultan independen, www.ppm-asesmen.com</li>
<li>Khusus pelamar yang berasal dari Polri, Pegawai Negeri prosedur pendaftaran melalui instansinya masing-masing.</li>
<li>Pendaftaran hanya melalui situs-web. Tidak menerima lamaran melalui pos</li>
<li>Pengumuman tiap tahap akan dicantumkan dalam situs-web KPK dan situs web konsultan, tidak diadakan surat menyurat.</li>
<li>Proses rekrutmen dan seleksi akan dilakukan oleh konsultan independen, kecuali tahap wawancara akhir</li>
<li>Bersedia mengikuti seluruh proses rekrutmen dan seleksi di <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1">Jakarta</span> atas biaya sendiri.</li>
<li>Pelamar tidak diperkenankan untuk menghubungi atau berhubungan denganb pejabat/pegawai KPK dalam kaitannya dengan proses rekrutmen dan seleksi</li>
<li>Seluruh tahapan proses rekrutmen dan seleksi ini tidak dipungut biaya apapun</li>
<li>Apabila ada pihak-pihak yang berusaha meminta biaya/menjanjikan sesuatu/menawarkan bantuan atas proses rekrutmen dan seleksi ini dapat melapor ke : pengaduan@kpk.go.id</li>
</span></ol><span class="fullpost">3. TATA CARA MELAMAR :<br />
</span><br />
<ul><span class="fullpost">
<li>Lamaran hanya dapat dikirimkan melalui aplikasi on-line (klik link registrasi on-line di bagian bawah spesifikasi jabatan). Tidak ada jalur lain yang digunakan untuk pengiriman lamaran.</li>
<li>Pelamar wajib memiliki alamat e-mail pribadi yang masih aktif untuk dapat mengikuti proses seleksi ini. Kami tidak melayani alamat e-mail yang salah input oleh pelamar.</li>
<li>Pelamar dilarang menggunakan alamat e-mail kantor atau orang lain untuk proses pendaftaran ini.</li>
<li>Setelah mengisi formulir aplikasi dan mengirimkannya kembali secara on-line, pelamar akan mendapat konfirmasi registrasi. Konfirmasi tersebut berisi nomor registrasi yang akan digunakan selama proses seleksi. Anda tidak dapat menerima e-mail registrasi apabila alamat e-mail yang anda input salah dan atau sudah tidak aktif, sehingga anda tidak bisa log-in untuk pengumuman selanjutnya.</li>
<li>Pelamar hanya diperkenankan melakukan satu kali registrasi on-line dan hanya untuk satu posisi saja .Untuk itu pastikan Anda telah memilih Posisi Jabatan yang sesuai, serta menuliskan semua data dengan benar, sebelum menekan tombol KIRIM.</li>
<li>Pelamar wajib mengisi aplikasi dengan data/informasi yang sebenar-benarnya karena data ini akan diklarifikasi dengan benar saat pelaksanaan verifikasi dokumen/informasi.</li>
<li>Masa waktu registrasi on-line adalah 3 s/d 12 Oktober 2010</li>
<li>Aplikasi yang masuk setelah batas akhir registrasi dan atau tidak melamar secara on-line, dianggap tidak berlaku.</li>
<li>Keputusan hasil seleksi bersifat mutlak dan tidak dapat diganggu gugat.</li>
<li>Pada setiap tahapan seleksi, hanya kandidat terbaik ( short listed ) yang akan mengikuti tahap seleksi berikutnya.</li>
<li>Kandidat yang dinyatakan lulus melalui pengumuman di website KPK dan website PPM yang akan dihubungi oleh Konsultan Independen untuk masuk ke tahap seleksi berikutnya.</li>
<li>Pengumuman hasil seleksi administrasi dan pelamar yang berhak mengikuti seleksi selanjutnya dapat dilihat di website www.ppm-asesmen.com mulai tanggal 20 Oktober 2010, pukul 21.00 WIB.</li>
</span></ul><span class="fullpost">D. JADUAL KEGIATAN :<br />
<br />
</span><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" class="bodytext"><tbody>
<tr bgcolor="#cc0000"> <td valign="top" width="500"><div align="center"><b>Kegiatan </b></div></td> <td valign="top" width="200"><div align="center"><b>Tanggal </b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="326">Pengumuman Lulus Seleksi Administrasi (di situs web) </td> <td valign="top" width="204"><div align="center">20 Oktober 2010 </div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="326">Tes Potensi </td> <td valign="top" width="204"><div align="center">23 - 24 oktober 2010</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="326">Pengumuman Lulus Tes Potensi (di situs web) </td> <td valign="top" width="204"><div align="center">3 November 2010 </div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="326">Asesmen Kompetensi </td> <td valign="top" width="204"><div align="center">6 - 7 November 2010</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="326">Pengumuman Lulus Asesmen Kompetensi (di situs web) </td> <td valign="top" width="204"><div align="center">17 November 2010 </div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="326">Wawancara Akhir </td> <td valign="top" width="204"><div align="center">19 - 24 November </div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="326">Pengumuman lulus Wawancara Akhir (di situs web) </td> <td valign="top" width="204"><div align="center">26 November 2010 </div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="326">Pemeriksaan Kesehatan </td> <td valign="top" width="204"><div align="center">4 Desember 2010 </div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="326">Pengumuman lulus Tes Kesehatan </td> <td valign="top" width="204"><div align="center">10 Desember 2010 </div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span class="fullpost"><b></b><br />
E. PENTING UNTUK DIPERSIAPKAN :<br />
<br />
Bagi Anda yang kemudian dinyatakan lolos seleksi administrasi, akan diminta hadir pada Tes Tahap I di lokasi dan waktu yang akan ditetapkan dengan membawa dokumen dan kelengkapan sebagai berikut:<br />
</span><br />
<ol><span class="fullpost">
<li>Kartu Tanda Penduduk yang masih berlaku, asli dan fotokopi.</li>
<li>Fotokopi ijazah yang sesuai dengan persyaratan pendidikan dan telah dilegalisir oleh pejabat berwenang</li>
<li>Fotokopi transkrip nilai yang telah dilegalisir oleh pejabat yang berwenang</li>
<li>Fotokopi sertifikat keahlian lainnya yang relevan</li>
<li>Data Riwayat Hidup yang harus di download dari website www.ppm-asesmen.com setelah anda log in, data riwayat hidup yang telah diisi diserahkan dalam bentuk print out</li>
<li>Kartu Peserta Seleksi yang harus didownload dari website www.ppm-asesmen.com setelah Anda log in. Mohon dilengkapi dan diserahkan dalam bentuk print out</li>
<li>Pas Foto Berwarna ukuran 4 x 6 sebanyak 2 lembar</li>
<li>Surat Referensi Pekerjaan atau surat lain seperti SK pengangkatan/Surat Tugas yang menguatkan pengalaman kerja yang telah diisikan pada formulir Aplikasi On-line saat melamar.</li>
<li>Seluruh berkas dimasukkan ke dalam map folio, yang sudah dituliskan nama dan nomor registrasi Anda dengan ketentuan :<br />
<br />
<br />
<ul><li>Map merah untuk kelompok pekerjaan struktural</li>
<li>Map hijau untuk kelompok pekerjaan fungsional</li>
<li>Map biru untuk kelompok pekerjaan administrasi</li>
</ul></li>
</span></ol><span class="fullpost"><span class="fullpost">Mohon mempersiapkan seluruh dokumen dengan lengkap dan benar. Jika ditemukan ketidaklengkapan dokumen dan/atau ketidaksesuaian data pada dokumen dengan berkas lamaran, Anda akan dinyatakan gugur pada Tes Tahap I<br />
<br />
6. TATACARA PENGISIAN APLIKASI <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3">ONLINE</span><br />
</span></span><br />
<ul><span class="fullpost"><span class="fullpost">
<li>Sediakan waktu yang cukup. Pengisian Aplikasi online ini secara lengkap membutuhkan waktu sekitar 30 - 60 menit.</li>
<li>Baca dengan seksama setiap petunjuk yang disediakan</li>
<li>Persiapkan semua data yang anda butuhkan pada saat pengisian aplikasi, antara lain :<br />
<br />
<br />
<ul><li>KTP</li>
<li>Riwayat Pekerjaan/Daftar Riwayat Hidup</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Isikan semua kolom isian dengan benar dan lengkap</li>
<li>Pastikan semua Isian sudah anda isikan dengan benar sebelum anda mengirimkan ( submit ) aplikasi anda</li>
</span></span></ul><span class="fullpost"><span class="fullpost">Formulir aplikasi online dapat diakses mulai Minggu 3 Oktober 2010 pukul 06.00 WIB , dan akan ditutup Selasa 12 Oktober 2010 pukul 24.00 WIB<br />
<br />
Aplikasi online :<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.ppm-asesmen.com/spek_struktural.php" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Jabatan Rumpun Struktural</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ppm-asesmen.com/spek_fungsional.php" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Jabatan Rumpun Fungsional</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ppm-asesmen.com/spek_administrasi.php" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Jabatan Rumpun Administrasi</a><br />
<br />
Pertanyaan dan informasi hubungi: kpk_im5@ppm-asesmen.com<br />
Call Center ( 24 jam) : 021- 230 0901, 230 0313 ext. 2350 dan 2353</span></span>Ali Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-25972297667646803842010-10-04T06:17:00.001-07:002010-10-04T06:17:54.082-07:00Ada bongkahan ES di planet mars<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TKnT_MBC6mI/AAAAAAAAAA4/pT3WTPawDvg/s1600/Planet+Mars.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_NiIEPKvww4U/TKnT_MBC6mI/AAAAAAAAAA4/pT3WTPawDvg/s1600/Planet+Mars.jpg" width="319" /></a></div>VIVAnews - Dari penelitian terakhir, disimpulkan bahwa terdapat bongkahan es pernah hadir di planet Mars. Bukti-bukti yang ditemukan menunjukkan bahwa masa lalu terdapat samudera yang dingin di planet tersebut.<br />
<br />
Sebelumnya ada dua kemungkinan bagaimana kondisi planet Mars di masa lalu. Pertama, permukaan di sana dingin dan kering. Kedua, Mars sempat memiliki kondisi hangat dan basah, yang memungkinkan planet itu punya danau-danau, laut, serta curah hujan untuk periode waktu yang panjang.<br />
<br />
Kini, seperti dikutip dari Livescience, 4 Oktober 2010, peneliti menemukan bekas-bekas bongkahan es di planet Mars. Artinya, ada kemungkinan ketiga, seputar kondisi permukaan Mars di masa lalu, yakni dingin dan basah. Kondisi tersebut memungkinkan Mars punya samudera dan lautan yang sebagiannya diselimuti es dan gletser.<br />
<br />
“Jika terdapat bongkahan es, kemungkinan besar di permukaan Mars pernah terdapat perairan dalam ukuran besar,” kata Alberto Fairen, peneliti dari SETI Institute and NASA Ames Research Center.<br />
<br />
“Perairan tersebut bisa berukuran beberapa lautan lokal hingga samudera tunggal yang meliputi seluruh permukaan,” kata Fairen. “Dan perairan itu hadir secara terus menerus atau terbagi dalam beberapa periode,” ucapnya.<br />
<br />
Fairen menyebutkan, tanda gerusan sepanjang 1 sampai 5 kilometer yang ditemukan di dataran utara dan cekungan Hellas juga bisa menjadi bukti akan adanya bongkahan es di masa lalu.<br />
<br />
“Gerusan ini bisa diakibatkan oleh bagian dasar bongkahan es yang mengikis dasar samudera,” kata Fairen. “Ini merupakan bukti paling nyata tentang adanya bongkahan es tersebut,” ucapnya.Ali Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-27836692492455794862010-10-02T05:54:00.001-07:002010-10-02T05:54:40.788-07:00lowongan cpns BKNPENGUMUMAN<br />
Nomor : 13/SESMA/X/2010155/KEP/WK/2008<br />
Tentang<br />
PENERIMAAN CALON PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL<br />
BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN NEGARA TAHUN ANGGARAN 2010<br />
<br />
Badan Kepegawaian NegaraDalam rangka mengisi lowongan formasi Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil Tahun Anggaran 2010, sebagaimana telah ditetapkan dalam Keputusan Menteri Negara Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi RI, Nomor : 247 Tahun 2010 tanggal 28 September 2010, maka Badan Kepegawaian Negara membuka kesempatan bagi Warga Negara Republik Indonesia yang berminat menjadi Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil di lingkungan Badan Kepegawaian Negara, dengan ketentuan sebagai berikut :<br />
<br />
PERSYARATAN PELAMAR<br />
<br />
A. Persyaratan Umum :<br />
1. Warga Negara Indonesia;<br />
2. Bertaqwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa;<br />
3. Memiiki Integritas yang tinggi terhadap Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia;<br />
4. Tidak berkedudukan sebagai Calon/PNS,Calon/Anggota TNI/Polri;<br />
5. Tidak berkedudukan sebagai anggota atau pengurus partai politik;<br />
6. Tidak pernah diberhentikan dengan hormat tidak atas permintaan sendiri atau tidak dengan hormat sebagai PNS/TNI/Polri atau diberhentikan<br />
tidak dengan hormat sebagai pegawai swasta;<br />
7. Tidak pernah dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan;<br />
8. Memenuhi persyaratan kualifikasi (jenjang dan jurusan) yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan;<br />
9. Berkelakuan baik; Sehat jasmani dan rohani<br />
10. Melengkapi Persyaratan lamaran berikut lampiran yang telah ditentukan;<br />
11. Bersedia ditempatkan diseluruh wilayah negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia;<br />
12. Bersedia untuk tidak menikah dan bagi perempuan untuk tidak hamil selama menjadi CPNS.<br />
<br />
B. Persyaratan Khusus<br />
1. Setiap lamaran harus ditulis tangan dengan tinta hitam dan ditanda-tangani sendiri oleh pelamar dan bermaterai Rp. 6.000,- dan ditujukan<br />
kepada Kepala Badan Kepegawaian Negara dengan melampirkan :<br />
a. Foto copy Sah Surat Tanda Tamat Belajar/Ijazah;<br />
b. Foto copy Sah transkrip nilai akademik;<br />
c. Pas photo ukuran 3 x 4 cm sebanyak 3 (tiga) lembar ;<br />
2. Bagi pelamar berpendidikan, S.1 dan S.2 Indek Prestasi Kumulatif (IPK) minimal : 2,75<br />
3. Bagi pelamar berpendidikan, Diploma III, Indek Prestasi Kumulatif (IPK) minimal : 2,6<br />
4. Mempunyai Sertifikat TOEFL yang menunjukkan nilai minimal 400 yang masih berlaku<br />
5. Berkas lamaran dimasukkan dalam stopmap dengan mencantumkan nama jabatan yang dilamar, kode jabatan dan lokasi yang dilamar serta<br />
kode kualifikasi pendidikan; warna stopmap : untuk D3 Merah, S1 Kuning, S2 (Dokter) Biru.<br />
6. Berusia serendah-rendahnya 18 (delapan belas) tahun dan setinggi-tingginya 35 (tiga puluh lima) tahun per 1 Desember 2010(*) dan atau 40<br />
(empat puluh) tahun per 1 Desember 2010(*), bagi yang bekerja pada instansi pemerintah atau lembaga swasta yang berbadan hukum yang<br />
menunjang kepentingan Nasional paling kurang 5 (lima) tahun pada 17 April 2002.<br />
7. Lamaran langsung diserahkan kepada Sekretariat Tim Pengadaan CPNS BKN<br />
<br />
C. Tempat dan Waktu Pendaftaran<br />
1. Untuk Penerimaan Lamaran Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil Badan Kepegawaian Negara (BKN), dibuka di dua tempat yaitu :<br />
a. BKN Pusat pada Sekretariat Tim, Jalan Letjen Sutoyo No. 12 Cililitan, Jakarta Timur.<br />
b. Kantor Regional II BKN Surabaya, Jalan Letjen S. Parman No. 6 Waru, Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur.<br />
2. Waktu Pendaftaran : Penerimaan berkas Lamaran dimulai pada tanggal 5 s.d 20 Oktober 2010 dari pukul 09.00 s.d 15.00 WIB, pada hari kerja.<br />
<br />
D. Pengumuman Seleksi Administrasi<br />
1. Pengumuman Seleksi Administrasi, Bagi Pelamar yang memenuhi syarat akan diumumkan pada tanggal 25 Oktober 2010, melalui Internet<br />
(website BKN) www.bkn.go.id atau www.sesmabkn.com dan pada papan pengumuman di Loby Lantai Dasar Gedung Blok II, BKN Jalan<br />
Letjen Sutoyo No, 12, Cililitan, Jakarta Timur dan papan pengumuman Kantor Regional II BKN Surabaya, Jalan Letjen S. Parman No. 6<br />
Waru, Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur.<br />
2. Pelamar yang dinyatakan lolos Administrasi, dapat langsung mengambil Kartu Tanda Peserta Ujian, tanggal 26 s.d 27 Oktober 2010, dengan<br />
menunjukkan tanda terima penyerahan berkas lamaran;<br />
3. Bagi pelamar yang tidak memenuhi syarat administrasi berkas lamaran tidak dikembalikan dan menjadi hak milik Badan Kepegawaian Negara.<br />
<br />
E. Pelaksanaan Ujian.<br />
1. Bagi Pelamar yang mendaftar melalui Kantor Pusat BKN tempat Ujian dilaksanakan di Kantor Pusat BKN Jakarta dan bagi Pelamar yang<br />
mendaftar melalui Kantor Regional II BKN tempat ujian di Kanreg II BKN Surabaya dengan Jadual Ujian Tahap I akan disampaikan pada saat<br />
pengambilan kartu peserta;<br />
2. Bagi yang lolos ujian tahap pertama akan mengikuti ujian tahap kedua dengan Jadual dapat dilihat pada papan pengumuman atau Website BKN<br />
www.bkn.go.id atau www.sesmabkn.com bersamaan dengan pengumuman Hasil Tes Potensi<br />
3. Setiap satu orang Pelamar tidak boleh mengikuti ujian pada dua lokasi, dalam satu Instansi.<br />
4. Pelaksanaan Ujian tertulis dengan Metode CAT (Computer Assisted Test) yaitu Ujian langsung menggunakan Komputer.<br />
<br />
F. Materi Ujian<br />
1. Ujian tahap pertama Tes Kemampuan Dasar (TKD) meliputi :<br />
a. Tes Pengetahuan Umum (TPU)<br />
b. Tes Bakat Skolastik (TBS)<br />
c. Tes Skala Kematangan (TSK)<br />
2. Bagi Peserta ujian TKD yang memperoleh nilai 275 keatas dapat mengikuti Tes Potensi (Psikotes)<br />
3. Ujian Tahap Kedua meliputi :<br />
a. Tes Kompetensi Bidang (TKB)<br />
b. Tes Potensi<br />
c. Wawancara/ interview.<br />
<br />
G. Lain-lain<br />
a. Pelamar atau peserta Seleksi Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil, tidak dipungut biaya;<br />
b. Keputusan Tim Pengadaan Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil Badan Kepegawaian Negara Tahun Anggaran 2010, bersifat MUTLAK dan tidak dapat diganggu gugatAli Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-20826130335292938002010-10-02T05:53:00.001-07:002010-10-02T05:53:46.964-07:00lowongan CPNS mahakamah agungSehubungan dengan Surat Menteri Negara Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi RI tanggal 22 Juli 2010 Nomor: 590.F / M.PANRB / 07 / 2010 perihal Persetujuan Prinsip Tambahan Formasi CPNS Pusat Tahun 2010, maka Mahkamah Agung RI akan melaksanakan penerimaan Calon Hakim dan Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil Tahun Anggaran 2010, dengan ini disampaikan hal-hal sebagai berikut:<br />
<br />
Formasi Penerimaan<br />
<br />
* S2 Magister Manajemen, S2. Magister Manajemen Sistem Informasi: 3 orang<br />
* S2 Magister Hukum: 3 orang<br />
* S1 Hukum: 350 orang<br />
* S1 Hukum Islam, S1 Hukum yang menguasai Hukum Islam: 245 orang<br />
* S1 Ekonomi Akutansi: 143 orang<br />
* S1 Ilmu Komputer, S1 Sistem Informasi, S1 Manajemen Informatika, S1 Teknik Informatika: 212 orang<br />
* S1 Ekonomi Manajemen, S1 Ilmu Sosial (Jurusan Administrasi Negara/Niaga, Ilmu Pemerintahan, Hubungan Internasional, Komunikasi): 105 orang<br />
* S1 Psikologi: 4 orang<br />
* S1 Sastra Inggris: 3 orang<br />
* S1 Sastra Arab: 2 orang<br />
* S1 Sastra Belanda: 1 orang<br />
* S1 Ilmu Hukum / S1 Hukum Islam: 70 orang<br />
* D3 ALTRI: 30 orang<br />
* D3 Komputer / D3 Manajemen Informatika: 142 orang<br />
* D3 Akuntansi: 60 orang<br />
* D3 Perawat: 2 orang<br />
* D3 Sekretaris: 4 orang<br />
* D3 Pustakawan: 4 orang<br />
<br />
Tatacara Pendaftaran<br />
<br />
* Pendaftaran berkas lamaran Calon Hakim (Cakim) dan Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil (CPNS) mulai tanggal 4 s/d 6 Oktober 2010 dari jam 08.00 s/d 14.00 waktu setempat.<br />
* Berkas lamaran diantar langsung pada Pengadilan Tinggi atau Pengadilah Tinggi Agama setempat bukan melalui Pos, Surat ataupun Email, dan tidak bisa diwakili.<br />
<br />
Data selengkapnya dapat di lihat disini :<br />
<br />
Formasi yang tersedia<br />
Petunjuk Pengisian Kode<br />
Persyaratan Calon Hakim dan CPNS Tahun Anggaran 2010<br />
Pedoman Pengisian LJK<br />
Tata Tertib<br />
<br />
Lampiran :<br />
<br />
Form Daftar Hadir<br />
Form Rincian Jumlah Pelamar<br />
Form Daftar Biodata Peserta CPNS<br />
Surat Pernyataan<br />
Tanda Peserta Ujian SeleksiAli Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4427923778727803490.post-70028991926583949912010-10-02T05:51:00.000-07:002010-10-02T05:51:48.342-07:00PENGUMUMAN PENERIMAAN CALON PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL (CPNS) KEMENTERIAN RISET DAN TEKNOLOGI TAHUN 2010Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia memberi kesempatan bagi Warga Negara Indonesia pria dan wanita untuk mengikuti Seleksi Penerimaan Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil (CPNS) Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi Formasi Tahun Anggaran 2010 Tingkat DIII, Sarjana (S1), dan Magister (S2).<br />
<br />
I. PERSYARATAN UMUM :<br />
<br />
1. Warga Negara Republik Indonesia yang bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, setia dan taat kepada Pancasila, UUD 1945, dan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.<br />
2. Berkelakuan baik dan tidak pernah dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap.<br />
3. Tidak pernah diberhentikan dengan hormat tidak atas permintaan sendiri atau tidak dengan hormat sebagai PNS/Anggota TNI/Polri atau diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai pegawai swasta.<br />
4. Tidak berkedudukan sebagai CPNS atau PNS dan tidak sedang terikat perjanjian/kontrak kerja dengan instansi lain.<br />
5. Tidak berkedudukan sebagai anggota atau pengurus partai politik.<br />
6. Bersedia ditempatkan di DKI Jakarta.<br />
7. Memenuhi jenjang pendidikan dan kualifikasi pendidikan yang ditetapkan.<br />
<br />
II. PERSYARATAN KHUSUS :<br />
<br />
1. Berijazah Diploma/Sarjana Muda (D III), Sarjana (S1), dan Magister (S2) sesuai formasi yang ditetapkan (terlampir).<br />
2. Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif (IPK) minimum:<br />
* DIII : 2,70 (PT. Negeri) – 3,00 (PT. Swasta)<br />
* S1 : 2,80 (PT. Negeri) – 3,00 (PT. Swasta)<br />
* S2 : 3,10 (PT. Negeri) – 3,30 (PT. Swasta)<br />
3. Batasan Usia Maksimum:<br />
* D III : 25 tahun pada tanggal 1 Desember 2010 (lahir setelah 30 November 1985)<br />
* S1 : 28 tahun pada tanggal 1 Desember 2010 (lahir setelah 30 November 1982)<br />
* S2 : 35 tahun pada tanggal 1 Desember 2010 (lahir setelah 30 November 1975)<br />
<br />
III. PENDAFTARAN<br />
<br />
1. Pendaftaran/registrasi online mulai dibuka tanggal 1 Oktober 2010 .dan ditutup pada tanggal 18 Oktober 2010 jam 17.00 WIB, melalui situs http://sdm.ristek.go.id/cpns.<br />
2. Pelamar yang telah memiliki ID dan Password wajib melakukan pengisian LAMARAN. Proses ini dilakukan sepenuhnya oleh pelamar. Untuk mengurangi kesalahan, pelamar dihimbau untuk mempersiapkan seluruh data dan dokumen pendukung yang diperlukan. Dalam proses verifikasi, Panitia tidak dapat melakukan perubahan pada isian Anda. Ketidaksesuaian antara isian dengan berkas lamaran yang diunggah akan berakibat pada gagalnya lamaran.<br />
<br />
Data yang harus disiapkan :<br />
<br />
* * Nomor Kartu Tanda Penduduk (KTP).<br />
* * Nomor Ijasah pendidikan terakhir dan Tahun Kelulusan.<br />
* * Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif (IPK) pendidikan terakhir.<br />
* * Pasfoto berwarna digital background merah berukuran maksimal 15 kb.<br />
* * Hasil scan ijazah pendidikan terakhir berukuran maksimal 100kb.<br />
* * Hasil scan transkrip nilai pendidikan terakhir berukuran maksimal 100kb.<br />
* * Alamat email aktif yang biasa dan selalu Anda akses secara berkala. (Informasi khusus akan disampaikan melalui email)<br />
* * Untuk pelamar lulusan dari luar negeri, diwajibkan melampirkan Surat Keterangan Akreditasi dari Dikti Kemdiknas.<br />
<br />
3. Pengumuman Seleksi Administrasi dan pemanggilan Pelamar yang dinyatakan lulus untuk mengikuti Tes Tulis akan dimumkan melalui website http://sdm.ristek.go.id/cpns.<br />
<br />
IV. TAHAPAN DAN JADWAL SELEKSI<br />
<br />
1. Seleksi Administrasi<br />
<br />
Pada seleksi admisnistrasi akan dilakukan pemeringkatan untuk menentukan pelamar yang dipanggil untuk mengikuti ujian tulis sampai sebanyak lebih kurang 15 kali jumlah formasi. Sehingga tidak semua pelamar dengan IPK diatas IPK minimum akan dipanggil untuk mengikuti ujian tulis.<br />
<br />
1.1. Hanya Pelamar yang telah melakukan registrasi online dan memenuhi seluruh persyaratan untuk melamar/persyaratan pendaftaran, yang akan dinyatakan lulus dalam tahapan Seleksi Administrasi. Hasil Seleksi Administrasi dijadwalkan akan diumumkan pada tanggal 21 Oktober 2010 melalui situs http://sdm.ristek.go.id/cpns.<br />
<br />
1.2. Pelamar yang telah dinyatakan lulus tahapan Seleksi Administrasi diwajibkan untuk mengambil sendiri Kartu Tanda Peserta Ujian dengan menunjukkan kartu identitas diri, Legalisir sah Ijazah dan Transkrip Nilai sesuai Bidang Pendidikan yang dilamar. Apabila Pelamar mewakilkan pengambilan Kartu Tanda Peserta Ujian kepada pihak ketiga, maka diperlukan Surat Kuasa bermaterai dengan menunjukkan kartu identitas diri Pelamar dan Penerima Kuasa, serta menyertakan fotokopi kartu identitas dimaksud.<br />
<br />
1.3. Jadwal dan Tempat Pengambilan Kartu Tanda Peserta Ujian akan diumumkan melalui situs http://sdm.ristek.go.id/cpns.<br />
<br />
2. Tes Tertulis (Bahan Ujian sudah terangkum lengkap dalam PAKET LKIT)<br />
<br />
Tes Tertulis terdiri dari :<br />
<br />
A. Tes Kompetensi Dasar (TKD) (Silakan pelajari Paket LKIT)<br />
<br />
Tes Pengetahuan Umum (TPU)<br />
Tes Bakat Skolastik (TBS)<br />
Tes Skala Kematangan (TSK)<br />
<br />
B. Tes Kompetensi Bidang (TKB) (Silakan pelajari Paket LKIT)<br />
<br />
Hanya Pelamar yang dinyatakan Lulus Seleksi Administrasi yang akan dipanggil untuk mengikuti Tes Tertulis.<br />
<br />
Tes Tertulis dijadwalkan akan dilaksanakan pada:<br />
Hari : Selasa, 26 Oktober 2010<br />
Waktu : Pkl. 08.30 – 13.00 WIB<br />
Tempat : Istora– Senayan<br />
<br />
Peralatan yang harus dibawa :<br />
· Kartu Tanda Peserta Ujian<br />
· Pensil 2 B<br />
· Penghapus Pensil<br />
· Papan Alas Untuk Menulis<br />
<br />
3. Tes Minat dan Bakat (Talent mapping)<br />
<br />
Tes minat dan bakat akan diadakan sebelum tes wawancara, dan setiap pelamar yang dinyatakan lulus tes tertulis (perbandingan formasi jabatan yang ditawarkan terhadap jumlah yang lulus yakni 1:3) diwajibkan mengikutinya. Adapun jadwal dan tempat pelaksanaan akan diumumkan bersamaan dengan pengumuman hasil ujian tertulis melalui website http://sdm.ristek.go.id/cpns<br />
<br />
Peralatan yang harus dibawa :<br />
· Kartu Tanda Peserta Ujian<br />
· Pensil 2 B<br />
· Penghapus Pensil<br />
· Papan Alas Untuk Menulis<br />
<br />
4. Wawancara<br />
<br />
Wawancara merupakan tahap terakhir dari seleksi. Hanya Pelamar yang dinyatakan Lulus Tes Tertulis dan mengikuti tes talent mapping yang akan dipanggil untuk mengikuti Wawancara.<br />
<br />
Catatan :<br />
<br />
1. Panitia TIDAK MEMUNGUT BIAYA APAPUN dari pelamar.<br />
2. Lamaran yang diajukan sebelum pengumuman ini dibuat dinyatakan tidak berlaku.<br />
3. Pelamar yang tidak menyampaikan surat lamaran beserta kelengkapannya, setelah dinyatakan lulus ujian CPNS sampai dengan batas waktu yang ditentukan, maka yang bersangkutan dianggap mengundurkan diri dan dinyatakan batal. Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi akan memanggil Pelamar yang menempati peringkat selanjutnya untuk Formasi jabatan tersebut.<br />
4. Apabila pelamar memberikan keterangan/data yang tidak benar, dan di kemudian hari diketahui, baik pada setiap tahapan tes, maupun setelah diangkat menjadi CPNS/PNS dilingkungan Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi, Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi berhak menggugurkan kelulusan tersebut dan/atau memberhentikan sebagai CPNS/PNS dilingkungan Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi dan melaporkan sebagai tindak pidana di Pengadilan Negeri, karena telah memberikan keterangan palsu.<br />
5. Biaya transportasi & akomodasi selama seleksi ditanggung peserta dan antara Panitia dan pelamar tidak diadakan surat menyurat.<br />
6. Informasi resmi yang terkait dengan Penerimaan CPNS KRT 2010 hanya dapat dilihat dalam situs http://sdm.ristek.go.id/cpns/atau http://www.ristek.go.id.<br />
7. Keputusan Panitia bersifat mutlak dan tidak bisa diganggu gugat. Hal-hal lain yang belum diatur akan ditetapkan dan diumumkan kemudian. Pelamar wajib tunduk dan mengikuti ketentuan yang ditetapkan.<br />
<br />
Formasi dan Pendaftaran OnlineAli Mustofahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08379463913624175535noreply@blogger.com0